The perplexing mystery of why so many trephined skulls from the Neolithic period have been uncovered all over the world representing attempts at primitive cranial surgery is discussed. More than 1500 trephined skulls have been uncovered throughout the world, from Europe and Scandinavia to North America, from Russia and China to South America (particularly in Peru). Most reported series show tha...

our experience as a result of this war shows that early intubation, aggressive resuscitation and gcs score are important factors for survival. the time of arrival has great importance on mortality. despite the diversity of views in the literature, patients with gcs of 4 and above should be operated if surgical pathologies exist, and decompressive craniectomy must made wide. if duraplasty is nec...

Trepanation is one of the most serious and soul-critical traumas. The main goal anesthetic management for patients with brain injury optimization cerebral perfusion pressure oxygenation. As a result drugs reduce peristalsis in large intestine small intestine. Bowel massage mechanism action to contractions tension abdominal muscles, increase motility digestive system, secretions intestinal syste...