Comparative risk assessment (CRA) has been used as an environmental decision making tool at a range of regulatory levels in the past two decades. Contaminated and uncontaminated sediments are currently managed using a range of approaches and technologies; however, a method for conducting a comprehensive, multidimensional assessment of the risks, costs and benefits associated with each option ha...

2 The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) of 1977 was enacted to address the concern that depository institutions had not met the credit needs of their entire communities. In many ways, the act can be credited with changing the way that banks do business in lowand moderate-income (LMI) communities. While the statute itself and the regulations that implement it have changed over the intervening dec...

CRA-lined pipelines, i.e. pipes with an inner pipe of a corrosion resistant alloy inside of a ferritic steel pipe carrying the hoop stress, pose a challenge to inspect with conventional in-line inspection technologies. Existing UT technology is not able to inspect through the interface of a CRA and a ferritic steel component. Additionally, current MFL technology is not able to sufficiently magn...

OBJECTIVE To examine the contributions of community reinforcement therapy to outcome in the community reinforcement approach (CRA) + vouchers outpatient treatment for cocaine dependence. METHODS One hundred cocaine-dependent outpatients were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatment conditions: CRA + vouchers or vouchers only. All patients earned incentives in the form of vouchers exchangeable ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and the clinical applicability of the adenosine-triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA) as a method of determining in vitro chemosensitivity in patients with gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 243 gastric cancer tissue samples were obtained from gastrectomies performed between February 2007 and...

Cra (catabolite repressor activator) is a global regulator of the genes for carbon metabolism in Escherichia coli. To gain insights into the regulatory roles of Cra, attempts were made to identify the whole set of regulation targets using an improved genomic SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) system. Surprisingly, a total of 164 binding sites were identified for C...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a technique based on mathematical programming for evaluating the efficiency of homogeneous decision making units (dmus). in this technique, inefficient dmus are projected onto the frontier, which was constructed by the best performers. centralized resource allocation (cra) is a method in which all dmus are projected onto the efficient frontier through solving ...

Banks and other depository institutions have signed more than 300 community reinvestment agreements valued at $350 billion in the two decades since the passage of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). This article examines the effectiveness of negotiating CRA agreements in Chicago, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and New Jersey. After describing the agreements and the procedures by which they are enforc...

In 2012, the Brazilian government revised the federal Forest Code that governs the use of forest resources on rural properties. The revisions included a forest trading mechanism whereby landowners who deforested more than what is legally allowed before 2008 could absolve their deforestation "debts" by purchasing Environmental Reserve Quotas (CRA) from landowners who conserved more forest than l...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the final outcome of cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) in children and the neurological and functional state of survivors at 1 year. METHODS An 18-month prospective, multicentre study analysing out-of-hospital and in-hospital CRA in children was carried out; 283 children between 7 days and 17 years of age were included. CRA and resuscitation data were registered according to...