Chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)) contamination of soil and groundwater is considered a major environmental concern. Bioreduction of Cr(VI) to chromium (III) (Cr(III)) can be considered an effective technology in remediating Cr(VI) contaminated sites. Among the Cr(VI) reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MR-1) is relatively effective. Reduction of Cr(VI) by MR-1 is defined by the dual-enzyme kin...

Possible application of a locally isolated environmental isolate, Acinetobacter haemolyticus to remediate Cr(VI) contamination in water system was demonstrated. Cr(VI) reduction by A. haemolyticus seems to favour the lower concentrations (10-30 mg/L). However, incomplete Cr(VI) reduction occurred at 70-100 mg/L Cr(VI). Initial specific reduction rate increased with Cr(VI) concentrations. Cr(VI)...

Chromium has been and is extensively used worldwide in multiple industrial processes and is routinely discharged to the environment from such processes. Therefore, this heavy metal is a potential threat to the environment and to public health, primarily because it is non-biodegradable and environmentally persistent. Chromium exists in several oxidation states, the most stable of which are triva...

The aims of this study were both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chromium accumulation in the shoots of Callitriche cophocarpa. This globally distributed, submersed macrophyte exhibits outstanding Cr phytoremediation capacity in an aquatic environment. Cr was applied separately for 7 days at two stable forms as Cr(VI) and Cr(III), known from their diverse physicochemical properties...

−Cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite (CCB) was prepared, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, BET surface area and pore diameter analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA). The adsorption of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) onto CCB as a function of adsorbent dosage, initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH, and contact tim...

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and its compounds have extensive applications in many industries and are widely known to cause occupational diseases as well as carcinogenic effects in humans. Mitochondrial damage, which is important in Cr(VI)‑induced cytotoxicity, may be characterized by the opening status of the permeability transition pore, the maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential...

Washed cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio vulgaris rapidly reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with H(2) as the electron donor. The c(3) cytochrome from this organism functioned as a Cr(VI) reductase. D. vulgaris may have advantages over previously described Cr(VI) reducers for the bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated waters.

-Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds of varying solubilities have been tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit cell growth and nucleic acid and protein syntheses in BHK cells, to induce alterations in the mitotic cycle in HEp cells, and to increase the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in CHO cells. All Cr(VI) compounds, and particularly those containing so...

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism to control cell number in tissues and to eliminate individual cells that may lead to disease states. The present study investigates chromium(VI) (Cr(VI))-induced apoptosis and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p53 in this response. Treatment of human lung epithelial cells (A549) with Cr(VI) caused apoptosis as measured by DNA fragmentat...

An extensive body of evidence has demonstrated the sensitivity of Fanconi anemia (FA) cells to redox-active xenobiotics, such as mitomycin C, diepoxybutane, cisplatin, and 8-methoxypsoralen plus ultraviolet irradiation, with toxicity mechanisms that are consistent with a deficiency of FA cells in coping with oxidative stress. A recent study has reported on excess sensitivity of FA complementati...