Iron occurs mainly as oxide ores, though it is also found in smaller quantities as its sulfide and carbonate. These other ores are usually first roasted to convert them into the oxide. On a world scale the most important ore is haematite (Fe2O3), but in New Zealand the starting materials are magnetite (Fe3O4) and titanomagnetite (Fe2TiO4). The oxides are reduced with carbon from coal, through t...

Baft ophiolite mélange is a part of Naein-Baft ophiolite (southeast of Kerman province in Iran). Serpentinites from Baft ophiolite mélange contain different types of spinels such as chromite, chromespinel, ferritchromite and magnetite which can reveal different stages of evolution in host serpentinites. The compositions of Baft chromites show that they belong to podiform chromitites that may ha...

baft ophiolite mélange is a part of naein-baft ophiolite (southeast of kerman province in iran). serpentinites from baft ophiolite mélange contain different types of spinels such as chromite, chromespinel, ferritchromite and magnetite which can reveal different stages of evolution in host serpentinites. the compositions of baft chromites show that they belong to podiform chromitites that may ha...

This study assessed the radiological health hazards to various body organs of workers working within Transnet Precinct in Richards Bay in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa due to radionuclide content of mineral ores often stored within the facility. Thirty samples were collected from five mineral ores (rock phosphate, rutile, zircon, coal and hematite) and analyzed for 238U, 234U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 235U,...

Dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] is an intolerable impurity in phosphate ores due to its MgO content. As high grade phosphate reserves become depleted, the need to develop a cost effective method for the removal of dolomite from high-MgO phosphate ores becomes increasingly important. The jigging process has been investigated as a method for the beneficiation of high-MgO sedimentary phosphate ores. A labor...

 Cyanidation is a relatively simple and cheap technology to treat gold-containing ores. However, this process is not completely effective in refractory gold-bearing sulfide ores. In the case of very low-grade ores, biooxidation is an attractive alternative pre-treatment to render the gold amenable to extraction. This process utilizes the ability of acidophilic bacteria to oxidize the sulfide m...

GEES (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences), The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK, CE3C – Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Ac ores – Departamento de Cîencias e Engenharia do Ambiente, 9700-042 Angra do Hero ısmo, Ac ores, Portugal, Dep. de Cîencias Agr arias, CMMG (Centro de Estudos do Clima M...

Mining and metallurgy have negative consequences for the environment [1-3] and lead to changes in geological [4] and climatic conditions [5]. Mining-metallurgy operations include the extraction, preparing of ores (crushing ore and flotation), processing of concentrates, and the disposal of waste rock and by-products. The main waste in mining and metallurgy are waste rocks, flotation tailings an...

in the present work, the extraction of zinc from a sphalerite concentrate using sodium nitrate as an oxidant in a sulfuric acid solution was investigated. the effective parameters such as the temperature, sulfuric acid and sodium nitrite concentrations, stirring speed, particle size, and solid/liquid (s/l) ratio were analyzed. the dissolution rate increased with increase in the sulfuric acid an...

supergene oxidation-leaching and secondary sulfide enrichment in the sarcheshmeh porphyry cu-mo deposit generated a supergene profile to depths of 20 to 80 meters with oxide ore reserve about 22 mt. @1.08% cu and sulfides ore [email protected]% cu. geochemical distribution and behavior of trace metals associated with cu namely mo, au, and ag in the supergene profile of the sarcheshmeh were po...