The nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in human liver microsomes were characterized. The Eadie-Hofstee plots of nicotine N-glucuronidation in human liver microsomes were clearly biphasic, indicating the involvement of multiple enzymes. The apparent K(m) and V(max) values were 33.1 +/- 28.1 micro M and 60.0 +/- 21.0 pmol/min/mg and 284.7 +/- 122.0 micro M and 124.0 +/- 44.0 pmol/min/mg for...

ownloade kground: Antiepileptic drugs (AED) are being increasingly used in the management of serious mental , but their effects on nicotine metabolism have not been studied. thods: This study investigated the effects of three AEDs (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and valproic n nicotine and nicotine metabolite levels in 149 smokers with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder who pated in an afternoon...

INTRODUCTION A biomarker of the exposure to the tobacco smoke is cotinine - a nicotine metabolite with a half-life about 16 hours. Analysis of cotinine concentration in biological material allows objective assessment of the cigarette smoking status and environmental exposure to the tobacco smoke. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was evaluation of the influence of method of saliva collect...

conclusions the significant difference between groups 1 and 3 permits to establish a correlation between degree of nicotine addiction and hearing loss. however, further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms leading to hearing loss. patients and methods the study recruited smokers (100) and non-smokers as a reference group (100) aged 21 to 50 years living in noisy or quiet areas of beiru...

We investigated whether cigarette smoking, measured by follicular fluid concentrations of cotinine (a major metabolite of nicotine), affects the maturity of oocytes from women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. In 234 women, follicular fluid samples were assessed for cotinine and their 2020 oocytes were assessed for maturity stage. Data on individual proportions of ooc...

BACKGROUND The level of urine cotinine is an indicator of tobacco smoke exposure. The purpose of this study is to investigate urine cotinine for the purpose of assessing the smoking status of Korean smokers and non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. METHODS The subjects were identified from the 2007-2009 and the 2010 data sets of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHA...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects millions of people world-wide and new effective and safe therapies are needed. Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, has a long half-life and does not have cardiovascular or addictive side effects in humans. We studied the effect of cotinine on amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation as well as addressed its impact on working and reference memories. Cotinine reduced Aβ ...

The authors collected by mail self-reported data on smoking habits and saliva samples that were analyzed for cotinine concentration in 222 smokers and 97 nonsmokers. Participants were members of the University of Geneva (Switzerland) in 1995. The 207 cigarette-only smokers smoked on average 10.7 cigarettes/day and had a median concentration of cotinine of 113 ng/ml. The cotinine concentration w...

OBJECTIVE Whether nicotine leads to a persistent increase in blood glucose levels is not clear. Our objective was to assess the relationship between cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), an index of recent glycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2008. We lim...

OBJECTIVES To examine the association of social and environmental factors with levels of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure, as measured by salivary cotinine, in young inner-city children with asthma. METHODS We used data drawn from a home-based behavioral intervention for young high-risk children with persistent asthma post-emergency department (ED) treatment (N = 198). SHS exposure was measur...