the purpose of this research was to analyze efl writing tasks in two of the most popular english for speakers of other languages (esol) exam preparation courses in iran, namely ielts and toefl. having collected the criteria of writing task appropriateness in light of the process-oriented approach to writing instruction, we asked 60 learner participants to rate efl writing tasks in 3 ielts and 3...

A novel labour-hour budgeting methodology is proposed by integrating productivity concepts in project scheduling and to enhance the accuracy of labour cost for planning labour-intensive projects. The applies discrete event simulation approach represent crew formation, resource utilization flowing between consecutive activities, which allows quantitatively characterizing impact semi-productive t...

As listening comprehension plays an indispensable role in language learning, the way in which language instructors cover teaching listening comprehension has been controversial; the recent study selected two approaches to associate listening comprehension tactics: product-oriented and process-oriented. A quasi-experimental design was adopted to get to the objectives. Using a random procedure, 1...

Language Oriented Modularity (LOM) is a methodology that involves the implementation and immediate utilization of domain-specific languages (DSLs) that are also aspect-oriented (DSALs). In principle, DSALs are often the right tool for improving the modularity of modern software projects and an LOM process is necessary due to the difficulty to reuse them across applications. In practice, however...

the use of micro-controllers in actuators provides extended flexibility for on-line data acquisition and sophisticated control implementation. however, attempts to utilize the excellent features of induction motor that is deemed by its strength, robustness, high torque, and relatively low cost in actuators face a fundamental control design challenge. the purpose of this paper is to introduce th...