Electricity demand varies daily, weekly, and seasonally. The cost and price of electricity to meet the peak demands can be an order of magnitude greater or more than the cost and price of electricity at times of minimum demand. Nuclear systems are capital intensive, with low operating costs relative to those for most other methods used to produce electricity; thus, nuclear energy is most compet...

Reactive power management plays an essential role in the secure operation of the power system as an ancillary service. Although in electricity markets, the particular attention is paid to active power, the reactive power also plays an important on total generation costs of electricity. On the other hand, as it is mainly confined to local consumption, to avoid market power and maintain the se...

There is an obvious attraction to on-grid residential solar PV installations as the cost of solar PV systems decrease [1, 2, 3, 7], the cost of utility electricity increases [2, 3], Eskom’s reserve margin reduces [2], and environmental and sustainability awareness among electricity users increases [3]. EGs in the form of residential or commercial solar PV can also derive income when their gener...

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is a mature hydrogen production technology and there exists a range of economic assessments for available technologies. For advanced AWEs, which may be based on novel polymer-based membrane concepts, it is of prime importance that development comes along with new configurations and technical and economic key process parameters for AWE that might be of interest ...

We analyze policies to promote renewable sources of electricity. A renewable portfolio standard raises electricity prices and primarily reduces gas-fired generation. A “knee” of the cost curve exists between 15% and 20% goals for 2020 in our central case, and higher natural gas prices lower the cost of greater reliance on renewables. A renewable energy production tax credit lowers electricity p...