نتایج جستجو برای: cosmic ray nucleus
تعداد نتایج: 432120 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code is widely used for fundamental research, radioprotection and dosimetry, hybrid nuclear energy system and cosmic ray calculations. The validity of its physical models has been benchmarked against a variety of experimental data over a wide range of energies, ranging from accelerator data to cosmic ray showers in the earth atmosphere. The code is presently unde...
The solar wind modulates the flux of galactic cosmic rays impinging on Earth inversely with solar activity. Cosmic ray ionisation is the major source of air’s electrical conductivity over the oceans and well above the continents. Differential solar modulation of the cosmic ray energy spectrum modifies the cosmic ray ionisation at different latitudes, varying the total atmospheric columnar condu...
We present spectral and timing results from a long (130 ks) XMM-Newton EPIC observation of the nucleus of the Seyfert/LINER galaxy M 81. During the observation the X-ray flux varied by 20%, but there was no significant change in spectral shape. The 2–10 keV spectrum is well described by a power law continuum and three narrow Fe Kα emission lines at 6.4, 6.7 and 6.96 keV. The three emission line...
Context. An analytical solution of the generalized diffusive and convective transport equation is derived to explain the transport of cosmic ray protons within elliptical galaxies. Aims. Cosmic ray transport within elliptical galaxies is an interesting element in understanding the origin of high energetic particles measured on Earth. As probable sources of those high energetic particles, ellipt...
We report new high resolution measurements of the elemental and isotopic composition of galactic cosmic ray B, C, N, and 0 nuclei with ~ 30 to ~ 130 MeV nucleon-•. These observations place limits on the isotopic composition of the cosmic ray source and restrict possible models of cosmic ray origin and propagation. In particular, we find that N is significantly depleted in the cosmic ray source ...
Cosmic-rays with energies up to 3×1020 eV have been observed. The nuclear composition of these cosmic rays is unknown but if the incident nuclei are protons then the corresponding center of mass energy is √ snn = 700 TeV. High energy muons can be used to probe the composition of these incident nuclei. The energy spectra of high-energy (> 1 TeV) cosmic ray induced muons have been measured with d...
In this study, we aimed to measure the directly ionizing component (muons and photons) and the indirectly ionizing component (neutrons) of the cosmic-ray spectra and evaluate their dose rate contribution to the total dose rate on a ground level in Japan. Measurements were carried out in Tohoku University, Japan, from October 2000. The pulse-height spectra of the cosmic-ray photons and muons wer...
Study of cosmic ray became a subject of study with the invention of neutron monitor by Simpson. But recording of cosmic ray counts was started regularly from International Geophysical Year at different locations having different climatic zones over the globe. Here statistical analysis is performed to investigate the degree of response of different monitors towards cosmic ray counts. No signific...
Based on a conjecture about the diffusion tensor of relativistic particles perpendicular to the magnetic field at a shock, and considering particle drifts, we develop a theory to account for the cosmic ray spectrum between 1 GeV and 10 GeV. The essential assumption is that the mean free path perpendicular to the magnetic field is independent of energy and has the scale of the thickness of the s...
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