Truth be told, this definition is a bit embarrassing. It would mean that taking any function from calculus whose domain contains [1,+∞) and restricting it to positive integer values, we get an arithmetical function. For instance, e −3x cos2 x+(17 log(x+1)) is an arithmetical function according to this definition, although it is, at best, dubious whether this function holds any significance in n...

Magnetic circular dichroism ~MCD! has been measured for ferromagnetic CoS2 in the S 2p , Co 2p and 3p core absorption regions. MCD in the S 2p region is discussed in terms of the exchange splitting of the unoccupied band. The Co 2p MCD has revealed that the orbital angular momentum of the Co 3d state remains finite in spite of its low-spin configuration. This situation is confirmed by a simple ...

Strong quasi-adiabatic laser alignment of the indole-water-dimer clusters, an amino-acid chromophore bound to a single water molecule through a hydrogen bond, was experimentally realized. The alignment was visualized through ion and electron imaging following strong-field ionization. Molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions showed a clear suppression of the electron yield in the plan...

The structure of solution adsorbed and microcontact printed (muCP) cytochrome c (cyt c) films on glass and indium tin oxide (ITO) was investigated using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) spectroscopies to determine the orientation of the heme groups in the films. The second and fourth order parameters of the heme as well as information on the ...

The hedgehog (Hh) family of morphogens plays important instructional roles in the development of numerous metazoan structures. Consistent with the role Hh homologs play in cell fate determination, aberrant Hh signaling results in numerous human pathologies. Hh signal transduction is initiated when Hh binds to its receptor Patched (Ptc), activating the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo). Smo...

The article presents bibliographic knowledgeof the world-scaleinventions that formed basis ofHDS-catalysts for development of variousoil products. Extensive studies were conductedon optimizationof carrier properties, active-phase chemical-mass composition, and basictech-nological parameters transformation initial components into active six-sided MoS2 groups which are decorated by CoS2 molecules...

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a major role in multiple aspects of embryonic development. To understand how a single Hh signal is capable of generating distinct readouts in Hh-responsive cells requires elucidation of the signal transduction cascade at the molecular level. Key components that mediate Hh signal transduction downstream of the receptor include Fused (Fu), Suppressor of fused (Sufu),...

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates development in animals ranging from flies to humans. Although its framework is conserved, differences in pathway components have been reported. A kinesin-like protein, Costal2 (Cos2), plays a central role in the Hh pathway in flies. Knockdown of a zebrafish homolog of Cos2, Kif7, results in ectopic Hh signaling, suggesting that Kif7 acts primarily a...