BACKGROUND Combined flaps serve a unique niche when significant or multidimensional defects need to be corrected. Perforator flaps have become a new alternative for achieving this same objective. As this latter genre evolves, it is reasonable to also expect the development of combined perforator flaps. METHODS Combined flaps based on perforators, as with any other combined flaps, can be class...

Background Free-style flaps allow surgeons to overcome anatomical variations and raise perforator flaps wherever a pulsatile signal can be detected. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the risk factors for complications and indications for free-style flaps in soft-tissue defect reconstructions. Methods This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting It...

BACKGROUND Despite the most heroic efforts, sometimes free flaps fail. Perforator free flaps are not invincible and can suffer the same fate. The real challenge is how to decide what is the next best choice for achieving the desired outcome. METHODS Over the past decade, 298 free perforator flaps were used in our institution. Total failure occurred in 16 patients, and partial failure requirin...

An important and vital area of the head &neck entail the coverage of defects throughout the head and neck area. These defects usually covered by flaps, during the last 6 decades since the introduction of tube pedicle flap till the early sixty of the last century (Macgregor 1960) advocated his temporal fascial flap for coverage of intra oral defect after radical cancer surgey, this flap was a gr...

BACKGROUND Mainstay of post-burn reconstruction is release and split skin grafting. Pedicle flaps are cumbersome to the patient, require multiple procedures and hospitalization. Free flaps are technically demanding and facilities are not universally available. Here we evaluated the local perforator flaps for post-burn reconstruction. METHODS We have used sixteen perforator propellar flaps for...

We have devised a technique of two-stage tracheal reconstruction using S-shaped skin flaps and an aural conchal cartilage graft. During the first operation, S-shaped skin flaps were elevated before resection of the trachea. A tracheocutaneous fistula was created at the tracheal defect using S-shaped skin flaps while placing the conchal cartilage graft underneath. During the second operation, a ...

Inadequate venous drainage can lead to congestion and necrosis of flaps used in the repair of defects, thereby elevating the risk of flap failure. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that the venous drainage was better in flow-through flaps than in conventional dorsalis pedis free flaps used in the repair of dorsal foot defects. In this retrospective study, we investigated the data ...

the distal third of the tibia, ankle and heel area is difficult to reconstruct. for small to medium size defects, local flaps are often an easier alternative than free flap. in lower limb surgery, the sural flap is based on this principle and this flap is becoming increasingly popular. the distally based superficial sural artery flap, first described as a distally based neuro skin flap by masqu...