Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal abnormality, may be associated with various neurologic complications such as moyamoya syndrome, cervical spinal cord compression due to atlantoaxial subluxation, and basal ganglia damage, as well as epileptic seizures and stroke. Many cases of Down syndrome accompanied by isolated neurologic manifestations have been reported in children; however, Down ...

Background: The appropriate moment for clamping the umbilical cord is controversial. Immediate cord clamping (ICC) is an item of active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL). Unclamped umbilical cord may cause inconvenience in preterm neonates because they commonly need some levels of emergent services. Some studies revealed delayed cord clamping (DCC) of preterm neonates results in be...

? Multiple Choice Questions Section The Neurosciences Journal includes this section of multiple choice questions as part of its commitment to continuous education and learning in Neurosciences. Experts in various neuroscience specialties are invited to participate with their knowledge and expertise in this section. Neurology, neurosurgery, and other board residents are encouraged to read this s...

Since its introduction as a procedure of last resort in a terminally ill patient with intractable cancer-related pain, spinal cord stimulation has been used to effectively treat chronic pain of varied origins. Spinal cord stimulation is commonly used for control of pain secondary to failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome, as well as pain from angina pectoris, peripheral...

Tethered cord syndrome is a clinical phenomenon resulting from anatomic restriction of the normal movement of the spinal cord or vascular compromise leading to hypoxia of its distal structures. Tethering can be acquired (secondary) or congenital (primary). This article presents the relevant embryology, primary and secondary causes of tethering, clinical presentations, the treatment of specific ...

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This paper is a case report and literature review. The objective of this article is to address a rather unusual case of central cord syndrome in a patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and focal ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. We also discuss the mechanism of injury in central cord syndrome, as well as that specific to involvement of diffuse idiopathic skele...

Background: Spinal cord herniation and thoracic anterior adhesion syndrome make up the two extremes of a rare condition; characterized by anterior dural adhesion or protrusion of the spinal cord through the arachnoideal and dural membrane into the extradural space, respectively. Summary: We present the main features of the condition by our case series and forward a hypothesis for the consistent...

Background: Spinal cord herniation and thoracic anterior adhesion syndrome make up the two extremes of a rare condition; characterized by anterior dural adhesion or protrusion of the spinal cord through the arachnoideal and dural membrane into the extradural space, respectively. Summary: We present the main features of the condition by our case series and forward a hypothesis for the consistent...

INTRODUCTION The spinal cord is a target for many neurosurgical procedures used to treat chronic severe pain. Neuromodulation and neuroablation are surgical techniques based on well-known specific anatomical structures. However, anatomical and electrophysical changes related to the tethered spinal cord make it more difficult to use these procedures. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 3...