This is the first draft of the entry “Game Theory” to appear in the Sage Handbook of the Philosophy of Social Science (edited by Ian Jarvie & Jesús Zamora Bonilla), Part III, Chapter 16.

We introduce cooperative games (N, v) with a description polynomial in n, where n is the number of players. In order to study the complexity of cooperative game problems, we assume that a cooperative game v : 2N → Q is given by an oracle returning v (S) for each query S ⊆ N. Finally, we consider several cooperative game problems and we give a list of complexity results.

The physical world obeys the rules of quantum, as opposed to classical, physics. Since the playing of any particular game requires physical resources, the question arises as to how Game Theory itself would change if it were extended into the quantum domain. Here we provide a general formalism for quantum games, and illustrate the explicit application of this new formalism to a quantized version...

As a kind of intelligent communication technology, the characteristic of dynamic spectrum allocation of cognitive radio provides feasible scheme for sharing with the spectrum resources among the primary user and secondary users, which solves the current spectrum resource scarcity problem. In this paper, we comprehensively explored the cognitive radio spectrum allocation models based on game the...

pricing and advertising are two important marketing strategies in the supply chain management which lead to customer demand’s increase and therefore higher profit for members of supply chains. this paper considers advertising, and pricing decisions simultaneously for a three-level supply chain with one supplier, one manufacturer and one retailer. the amount of market demand is influenced by pri...

Game theory has become an essential tool in the analysis of supply chains with multiple agents, often with conflicting objectives. This chapter surveys the applications of game theory to supply chain analysis and outlines game-theoretic concepts that have potential for future application. We discuss both non-cooperative and cooperative game theory in static and dynamic settings. Careful attenti...

Roughly speaking, Game Theory deals with analysing conflict and cooperation situations in which two or more rational and intelligent agents are involved. There are many real and theoretical situations which can be examined from the point of view of Game Theory. Therefore it is not difficult to find in the literature a rich variety of applications of Game Theory to many and very diverse fields o...

Game-theoretic centrality is a flexible and sophisticated approach to identify the most important nodes in a network. It builds upon the methods from cooperative game theory and network theory. The key idea is to treat nodes as players in a cooperative game, where the value of each coalition is determined by certain graph-theoretic properties. Using solution concepts from cooperative game theor...

Concepts from cooperative game theory have been applied to a wide range of economic problems with great success. The core equivalence and value equivalence theorems are outstanding examples of the fruitful synthesis of game theory and equilibrium analysis. These (and other results from cooperative game theory) have provided insight into market outcomes by investigating the problems in the absen...