Understanding cooling of hot charge carriers in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is of fundamental interest and useful to enhance the performance of QDs in photovoltaics. We study electron and hole cooling dynamics in PbSe QDs up to high energies where carrier multiplication occurs. We characterize distinct cooling steps of hot electrons and holes and build up a broadband cooling spectrum for b...

BACKGROUND Scalp cooling is a long known method to reduce chemotherapy-induced alopecia in cancer patients with solid tumors. Due to a progress in this method, a medical device enabling individual feedback-controlled temperature regulation was evaluated. Between June 2011 and December 2012, 83 breast cancer patients were included. Evaluation was focussed on the quantification of alopecia, satis...

Direct cooling of the testis results in the depletion of most germ cells in vivo. Germ cell-depleted testes are now commonly used to investigate spermatogenic regeneration and can serve as recipients for germ cell transplantation. The present study explored the effects of cooling rat testes on the depletion of endogenous germ cells, spermatogenic regeneration, and Sertoli cell function. Adult r...

Quasi-hydrostatic cooling of the intracluster gas is studied. In the quasi-hydrostatic model, work done by gravity on the inflow gas with dP 6= 0, where P is the gas pressure, is taken into account in the thermal balance. The gas flows in from the outer part so as to compensate the pressure loss of the gas undergoing radiative cooling, but the mass flow is so moderate and smooth that the gas is...

This brief report is a followup to the recent proposal of using La− as another candidate, in addition to Os−, in laser cooling of anions, which can then be used to cool sympathetically antiprotons. Using the relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) formalism, we calculate the photodetachment cross sections of the upper laser cooling state La− 5d6s6p D1 and Os− 5d6s6p D9/2. Our results show ...

Reducing hot-carrier relaxation rates is of great significance in overcoming energy loss that fundamentally limits the efficiency of solar energy utilization. Semiconductor quantum dots are expected to have much slower carrier cooling because the spacing between their discrete electronic levels is much larger than phonon energy. However, the slower carrier cooling is difficult to observe due to...

We present new computations of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium cooling efficiencies and ionization states for low-density radiatively cooling gas containing cosmic abundances of the elements H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe. We present results for gas temperatures between 10 and 10 K, assuming dust-free and optically thin conditions, and no external radiation. For non-equilibrium cooli...

in internal combustion engines, only about a third of the total fuel input energy is converted into useful work. if the energy rejected into the cooling system and the exhaust gases could be recovered instead and put into useful work, fuel economy would have been substantially improved. the main aim of this research paper was to evaluate the effects of the hybrid nano-catalyst containing cerium...