Frozen seawater is a composite material with a sponge-like structure. The framework of the structure is composed of pure ice, and within the pores exists a concentrated seawater brine. When the temperature is reduced, the volume of this residual brine decreases, while its salinity increases. As a result of the paired changes to temperature and salinity, the brine eventually becomes supersaturat...

Seawater cooling towers have been used since the 1970’s in power generation and other industries, so as to reduce the consumption of freshwater. The salts in seawater are known to create a number of operational problems including salt deposition, packing blockage, corrosion, and certain environmental impacts from salt drift and blowdown return. In addition, the salinity of seawater affects the ...

The eleven nuclear power plants in operation, under construction and a well-planned plant in the east coast of China generally use seawater for reactor cooling. In this study, an oceanic dispersion assessment system based on a database of tidal harmonic constants is developed. This system can calculate the tidal current without a large computational cost, and it is possible to calculate real-ti...

Concentrations of the toxic element lead (Pb) are elevated in seawater due to historical emissions. While anthropogenic atmospheric emissions dominant source dissolved Pb (dPb) Atlantic Ocean, evidence is emerging a natural associated with subglacial discharge into ocean but this has yet be constrained around Greenland. Here, we show from cavity underneath Nioghalvfjerdsbræ floating ice tongue,...

The composition of carbonate minerals formed in past and present oceans is assumed to be significantly controlled by temperature and seawater composition. To determine if and how temperature is kinetically responsible for the amount of Mg incorporated in calcite, we quantified the influence of temperature and specific dissolved components on the complex mechanism of calcite precipitation in sea...

Cool can be thought about on three levels; the having of cool things, the doing of cool stuff and the being of cool. Whilst there is some understanding of cool products, the concept, of being cool is much more elusive to designers and developers of systems. This study examines this space by using a set of pre-prepared teenage personas as probes with a set of teenagers with the aim of better und...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different parameters on exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens using seawater as a basal medium. For this purpose, the effect of carbon (sucrose, molasses, paraffin and sunflower oil) and nitrogen sources, NaCl concentration, incubation time, pH as well as seawater dilution or enrichment with disti...