Recent years have seen a rapidly growing trend of outsourcing elements public participation from institutions to external citizen engagement consultants (CECs). This study examined this phenomenon using the theoretical framework epistemic in/justice. It is based on sequential deductive-inductive analysis interviews with administrators, private CECs, and citizens, all involved in participative i...

Road authorities have confronted problems to maintaining the serviceability of road infrastructure systems by using various traditional methods of contracting. As a solution to these problems, many road authorities have started contracting out road maintenance works to the private sector based on performance measures. This contracting method is named Performance-Based Maintenance Contracting (P...

Contracting out is a policy that yields unambiguous fiscal gains to the governments that practise it . However, the majority these gains represent transfers from employees through reduced wages or increased work intensity. Some of these transfer losses are passed on to central governments through increased tax evasion. In this paper, the social costs and benefits of reductions in public sector ...

The public sector in developing countries is increasingly contracting with the non-state sector to improve access, efficiency and quality of health services. We conducted a multicountry study to assess the range of health services contracted out, the process of contracting and its influencing factors in ten countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Egypt, Islamic Repu...

The contracting-out of job brokerage and case management services is a major international trend in the reform of the Public Employment Service. Instead of a public agency, private providers are contracted to deliver these services for the jobseekers. Australia and the Netherlands have contracted-out (almost) all of this formerly core public service. The U.K. has introduced so-called Employment...

Background A number of developing countries have contracted out public health facilities to the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in order to improve service utilization. However, there is a paucity of in-depth qualitative information on barriers to access services as a result of contracting from service users’ perspective. The objective of this study was to explore perceived barriers to util...

talk about international trends in private policing, giving a philosophical overview. Perhaps you could look at the development of private security, contracting out of police services and contracting in of police services, private security and its growth, pointing out the dangers etc. . . . You could illustrate that privatisation cannot be viewed in isolation, but rather that it all has system ...