This paper focuses on minimizing the annual operative costs in monopolar DC distribution networks with inclusion of solar photovoltaic (PV) generators while considering a planning period 20 years. problem is formulated through mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model, which binary variables define nodes where PV must be located, and continuous are related to power flow solution optimal...

We have been able to observe with single particle resolution the interface between two structural symmetries that cannot be interconnected by a continuous transition. By means of an engineered 2D potential that pins the extremity of vortex strings an square symmetry was imposed at the surface of a 3D vortex solid. Using the Bitter decoration technique and on account of the continuous vortex sym...

Starting flow through a nozzle or orifice typically results in the transient formation of a leading vortex ring and trailing jet. Experiments are conducted to investigate the dynamics of this process in the case of a temporally variable nozzle exit diameter, with the aim of understanding these flows as they occur in Nature and emerging technologies. By kinematically decoupling the source flow f...

Vortex Generators (VGs) are applied before the expected region of separation boundary layer in order to delay or remove flow separation. Although their height is usually similar that layer, some applications, lower VGs used, Sub-Boundary Layer (SBVGs), since this reduces drag coefficient. Numerical simulations sub-boundary vane-type vortex generators on a flat plate negligible pressure gradient...

Evolution of vortices and their interactions are investigated in the Lagrangian context using the continuous vortex sheet method. Among the topics investigated are the numerical Helmholtz instability on a circular vortex sheet, the fractal-pattern instability on an expanding vortex spiral, interactions of vortices with shear layers, and some other phenomena related to experimental observations ...

In order to investigate continuous vortex dynamics based on a Lagrangian-like formulation, we develop a theoretical framework and a numerical method for computation of the evolution of a vortex-surface field (VSF) in viscous incompressible flows with simple topology and geometry. Equations describing the continuous, timewise evolution of a VSF from an existing VSF at an initial time are first r...