Cucumber seeds are light-sensitive, dark-germinating seeds. Inhibition of germination can be induced by prolonged exposure to continuous or intermittent FR. The dark germination process and the response to FR are phytochrome controlled. Phytochrome can be detected in these seeds by differential spectrophotometry in vivo. Spectrophotometrically measurable phytochrome increases during dark germin...

The generation of dark spin wave envelope soliton trains from a continuous wave input signal due to spontaneous modulational instability has been observed for the first time. The dark soliton trains were formed from high dispersion dipole-exchange spin waves propagated in a thin yttrium iron garnet film with pinned surface spins at frequencies situated near the dipole gaps in the dipole-exchang...

Using dark fermentation, hydrogen can be generated from renewable organics including waste materials. Key to successful application of anaerobic fermentation is to uncouple liquid and biomass retention times in reactor system. This paper reviews reactor configurations (fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and continuous stirred tank reactors) and operating processes (batch,...

The mutation of a nuclear gene in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants results in a reduced light-dependent development of chloroplast fine structure, soluble protein, ribulose-1, 5-diP carboxylase, NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, fructose-1, 6-diP aldolase, glycerate-3-P kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and dark respiration during the 72-hour lag period of c...

We consider an illiquid financial market where a risk-averse investor has to liquidate a large portfolio within a finite time horizon [0, T ] and can trade continuously at a traditional exchange (the “primary venue”) and in a dark pool. At the primary venue, trading yields a linear price impact. In the dark pool, no price impact costs arise but order execution is uncertain, modeled by a multi-d...

We present a detailed overview of the physics and applications of optical dark solitons: localized nonlinear waves (or ‘holes’) existing on a stable continuous wave (or extended finite-width) background. Together with the traditional problems involving properties of dark solitons of the defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we also describe recent theoretical results on optical vorte...

PURPOSE Dark adaptation can induce a rapid functional shift in the retina, and after that, the retinal function is believed to remain stable during the continuous dark exposure. However, we found that electroretinograms (ERG) b-waves gradually shifted during 24 hours' dark exposure in rodents. Detailed experiments were designed to explore this non-classical dark adaptation. METHODS In vivo ER...

This paper compares three market structures in a dynamic dealer-mediated market with asymmetric information about an asset’s value. The compared market structures are (i) the continuous protocol of Glosten and Milgrom (1985), where a just-arrived trader trades immediately at a bid or an ask price publicly posted by the dealer, (ii) the periodic auction, wherein trades are cleared in batches, pu...

The absolute sensitivity of vertebrate retinas is set by a background noise, called dark noise, which originates from several different cell types and is generated by different molecular mechanisms. The major share of dark noise is produced by photoreceptors and consists of two components, discrete and continuous. Discrete noise is generated by spontaneous thermal activations of visual pigment....

EDELWEISS is a direct search for WIMP dark matter using cryogenic heat-and-ionization germanium detectors. We report the final results of the second stage of the experiment, EDELWEISS-II, obtained with an array of ten 400 g detectors equipped with interleaved electrodes for the rejection of surface events. Limits on the elastic and inelastic cross-sections of spin-independent interactions of WI...