Recently, different metaheuristic techniques, their variants, and hybrid forms have been extensively used to solve economic load dispatch (ELD) problems with without valve point loading (VPL) effects. Due the randomization involved in these one has perform extensive runs for each experiment get an optimal solution. The process may sometimes become laborious time-consuming converge On other hand...

Abstract Aiming at the constrained optimization problem where function evaluation is time-consuming, this paper proposed a novel algorithm called data-driven Harris Hawks (DHHCO). In DHHCO, Kriging models are utilized to prospect potentially optimal areas by leveraging computationally expensive historical data during optimization. Three powerful strategies are, respectively, embedded into diffe...