THIS BOOK examines the constitutional dimensions of the welfare debate in America. The precise shape of state-facilitated welfare here and elsewhere will depend on results of policy experiments either under way or anticipated and on the contest among philosophic frameworks for describing those results. Because I share to some limited extent the conventional view that constitutional questions di...

throughout the history of the islamic iran the judicial system has always been based on common law and canon law (sharī‘a). upon the formalization of shī‘ism as the official school (nadhhab) in the safavid era, the shī‘a jurisprudence was set as the basis for legal judgments; and for the execution of judicial affairs the ruler appointed officers such as ṣadr, shaykh al-islām, and other judicial...

one of the most important institutions of a city is hospital as it is directly involved with life of the citizens. this review article aimed to study the circumstance of establishing newer hospitals in isfahan city, iran, which was started in late qajar dynasty era with a pause during the constitutional era and was extended to reza shah pahlavi in its modern form. the main references for this s...

This paper investigates the behavior of rent-seeking politicians in an environment of increasing economic integration. The focus of the paper is on the implications of globalization-induced political yardstick competition for constitutional design with a view to the current discussion in the European Union. In contrast to the established literature, we carefully portray the double-tiered govern...

this article argues that constitutionalism movement is result of reformism in ghajar era. the conquer of constitutionalism, have been result of iran's political – social and economic condition (circumstances) and victory of reformist actives. this survey by considering of specifics of this movement, have been insisted on movement leaders, understanding and awareness from cultural and socia...

one of the important problems about the pathology of the jangali movement is the changes political ideology which has not been studied yet protperly. in this study, the question is posed that, what changes have happened in the political ideology of the movement during its seven years combat (1294-1300 a. h.), and what was theaftermath of these changes. for this purpose, first the ideology of th...