There is a marked lack of consensus concerning the best way to learn how conscious experiences arise. In this article, we advocate for scientific approaches that attempt to bring together four types of phenomena and their corresponding theoretical accounts: behavioral acts, cognitive events, neural events, and subjective experience. We propose that the key challenge is to comprehensively specif...

Routines are patterns of interaction between an agent and its world. Getting in or out of a car, changing lane, and flipping pages of a book can be routines for an agent if the agent consistently engages in these activities in a similar way. I.e., a task for an agent is a routine if the agent that has choices about how to accomplish that task, nevertheless does it in the same way. Consistently ...

From the height of his 90 years of experience, Robert G. Shulman is not just a veteran of World War II, but a world-class biophysicist with a distinguished research career spanning the California Institute of Technology, Bell Labs, and Yale University. A forerunner in the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, Shulman contributed to the study of biochemical processes, founded the Yale Magnetic Reso...

Piotr Winkielman*, Michał Ziembowicz and Andrzej Nowak 1 Psychology Department, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA 2 Behavioural Science Group, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK 3 Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland 4 Center for Complex Systems and New Technologies, Institute for Social Studies, U...

In this article, we present $GPW$-flatness property of acts over monoids, which is a generalization of principal weak flatness. We say that a right $S$-act $A_{S}$ is $GPW$-flat if for every $s in S$, there exists a natural number $n = n_ {(s, A_{S})} in mathbb{N}$ such that the functor $A_{S} otimes {}_{S}- $ preserves the embedding of the principal left ideal ${}_{S}(Ss^n)$ into ${}_{S}S$. We...

BACKGROUND The diagnostic usefulness of electrophysiological methods in assessing disorders of consciousness (DoC) remains to be established on an individual patient level, and there is need to determine what constitutes robust experimental paradigm to elicit electrophysiological indices of covert cognitive capacity. OBJECTIVES Two tasks encompassing active and passive conditions were explore...

Scientists studying consciousness are attempting to identify correlations between measurements of consciousness and the physical world. Consciousness can only be measured through first-person reports, which raises problems about the accuracy of first-person reports, the possibility of non-reportable consciousness and the causal closure of the physical world. Many of these issues could be resolv...

INTRODUCTION The target of this comment is a recent and welcome paper (Gamez, 2014) that addresses foundational issues for neuralcorrelates-of-consciousness empiricism. This comment discusses whether Gamez’ assumptions actually allow the suggested framework to support the kind of theorydiscrimination necessary for advancing the field. Specifically, present discussions solely concern the theory-...

Contrasting conditions with and without awareness has been the preferred method for investigating the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) for decades, yet recently it has been suggested that further insights can be made by moving beyond this method, specifically by meticulously controlling that potential precursors and consequences of the NCC are not mistaken for an NCC. Here, we briefly r...