Many dynamical systems can be naturally represented as Bratteli-Vershik (or adic) systems, which provide an appealing combinatorial description of their dynamics. If an adic system X satisfies two technical conditions (focus and bounded width) then we show how to represent X using a two-dimensional subshift of finite type Y ; each ‘row’ in a Y -admissible configuration corresponds to an infinit...

Let X be the Cantor set and φ be a minimal homeomorphism on X×T. We show that the crossed product C∗-algebra C∗(X×T, φ) is a simple AT-algebra provided that the associated cocycle takes its values in rotations on T. Given two minimal systems (X × T, φ) and (Y × T, ψ) such that φ and ψ arise from cocycles with values in isometric homeomorphisms on T, we show that two systems are approximately K-...

purpose: the antigen binding fragments of camelids heavy chain antibodies are comprised in one single domain (vhh). the crystal structure of an isolated vhh indicated that it is a problate particle of 2.5 nm in diameter and ∼4 nm high, and has been referred to as a nanobody. the very close similarity of these molecules to human vhs illustrates the potential application of these novel products ...

Proof. Suppose Mv = λv. We want to show that λ has imaginary value 0. For a complex number x = a + ib, the conjugate of x, is defined as follows: x∗ = a − ib. So, all we need to show is that λ = λ∗. The conjugate of a vector is the conjugate of all of its coordinate. Taking the conjugate transpose of both sides of the above equality, we have v∗M = λ∗v∗, (8.1) where we used that M = M . So, on o...

Formation of conjugate strike-slip faults is commonly explained by the Anderson fault theory, which predicts a X-shaped conjugate fault pattern with an intersection angle of ~30 degrees between the maximum compressive stress and the faults. However, major conjugate faults in Cenozoic collisional orogens, such as the eastern Alps, western Mongolia, eastern Turkey, northern Iran, northeastern Afg...

This paper presents some results that complement (2). We believe our results are of new pattern concerning determinantal inequalities. Let us fix some notation. The matrices considered here have entries from the field of complex numbers. X ′,X ,X∗ stand for transpose, (entrywise)conjugate, conjugate transpose of X , respectively. For two n -square Hermitian matrices X ,Y , we write X > Y to mea...

this study develops and analyzes preconditioned krylov subspace methods to solve linear systemsarising from discretization of the time-independent space-fractional models. first, we apply shifted grunwald formulas to obtain a stable finite difference approximation to fractional advection-diffusion equations. then, we employee two preconditioned iterative methods, namely, the preconditioned gene...