Lattice Horn sentences including Geyer’s SD(n, 2) and their conjugates C(n, 2) are considered. SD(2, 2) is the meet semidistributivity law SD∧. Both SD(n, 2) and C(n, 2) become strictly weaker when n grows. For varieties V the satisfaction of SD(n, 2) in {Con(A) : A ∈ V} is characterized by a Mal’cev condition. Using this Mal’cev condition it is shown that C(n, 2) |=con SD(n, 2), which means th...

in this paper, we construct two fuzzy sets using the notions of level subsets and strong level subsets of a given fuzzy set in a ring r. these fuzzy sets turn out to be identical and provide a universal construction of a fuzzy ideal generated by a given fuzzy set in a ring. using this construction and employing the technique of strong level subsets, we provide the shortest and direct fuzzy set ...

Capitalizing upon Implicit Leadership Theories (ILTs) and Leader-member exchange (LMX), this research aims to explore the relationship between the congruence of employees’ ILTs and those traits of their managers and employees’ supportiveness, resistance and behavioral creativity for change. After distributing three questionnaires at three points among teachers, 296 participants completed all th...

This paper attempts to generalize universal algebras on classical sets to $L$-sets when $L$ is a GL-quantale. Some basic notions of fuzzy universal algebra on an $L$-set are introduced, such as subalgebra, quotient algebra, homomorphism, congruence, and direct product etc. The properties of them are studied. $L$-valued power algebra is also introduced and it is shown there is an onto homomorphi...