data envelopment analysis (dea) is a nonparametric technique that includes models to evaluate the relative efficiency of decision making units (dmus). it has the ability to separate efficient units and inefficient units. one of the applications of this mathematical technique is evaluating performance of supply chain. according to such as the inefficiency factors of one dmu, is existence congest...

For several decades growth of traffic volumes has outstripped investments in road infrastructure. The result has been a relentless increase in traffic congestion. This paper reviews the economic principles behind congestion pricing in static and dynamic settings, which derive from the benefits of charging travellers for the externalities they create. Special attention is paid to various complic...

This paper describes the use of Congestion Pricing as a means of providing Congestion Control and Di erentiated Quality of Service. The application of the proposed technique to the Internet Protocol has the advantage that it can be simply implemented using Explicit Congestion Noti cation. In particular: the network mechanism is independent of higher level protocols; the end systems can continue...

Drivers in urban neighborhoods who patrol streets, seeking inexpensive on-street parking create a significant fraction of measured traffic congestion. The pool of drivers patrolling at any time can be modeled as a queue, where ‘queue service’ is the act of parking in a recently vacated parking space and queue discipline is SIRO – Service In Random Order. We develop a queueing model of such driv...

Achieved wireless networks since its beginning the prevalent wide due to the increasing wireless devices represented by smart phones and laptop, and the proliferation of networks coincides with the high speed and ease of use of the Internet and enjoy the delivery of various data such as video clips and games. Here's the show the congestion problem arises and represent   aim of the research is t...

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN's), congestion plays an important role in degrading the performance of the network. Under idle condition, the network load is very low whereas when an event is detected the network load becomes high which leads to congestion. Due to congestion the overall performance of the network degrades. Hence it is necessary to detect and control congestion. In this pa...