In an ever-changing environment, selecting appropriate responses in conflicting situations is essential for biological survival and social success and requires cognitive control, which is mediated by dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). How these brain regions communicate during conflict processing (detection, resolution, and adaptation), however, is...

The steady evolution of the Open RAN concept sheds light on xApps and their potential use cases in O-RANcompliant deployments. There are several areas where can be used that being widely investigated, but issue mitigating conflicts between xApp decisions requires further in-depth investigation. This article defines a conflict mitigation framework (CMF) built into existing O-RAN architecture; it...

Formal methods in computer science refers to the use of logic and mathematics to verify that a system design and its implementation satisfy functional requirements and safety properties. Despite the fact that several Conflict Detection and Resolution (CD&R) systems have been proposed in the past few years, very few of these systems have been described and analyzed using formal methods. Therefor...

Timeliness and correctness in conflict detection and resolution mechanisms form an important component in railway operation especially when the decision process involves human factors. The current approaches used by Indian railways (IR) for conflict management can be enhanced through the use of Mobile Agent (MA) technology. The use of MA technology appropriates due to their asynchronous, autono...

This paper describes an approach for mid-range conflict detection between two aircraft with intersecting straight line nominal trajectories. By modeling wind disturbances as normally distributed random noise, we compute analytic estimates of the conflict probability for any given conflict scenario. We then formulate the conflict detection problem as a finite horizon decision problem where the d...

Theories on visual change detection imply that attention is a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite for aware perception. Misguidance of attention due to salient irrelevant distractors can therefore lead to severe deficits in change detection. The present study investigates the mechanisms behind such perceptual errors and their relation to error processing on higher cognitive levels. Partic...

In a software transactional memory (STM) system, conflict detection is the problem of determining when two transactions cannot both safely commit. Validation is the related problem of ensuring that a transaction never views inconsistent data, which might potentially cause a doomed transaction to exhibit irreversible, externally visible side effects. Existing mechanisms for conflict detection va...

Conflict detection in dual process contexts is a widely studied phenomenon. However, only a small portion of the investigations has studied the role of individual differences in a typical conflict detection paradigm. In this study, participants completed a modified base-rate neglect task, as well as the Cognitive Reflection Task (CRT), and two Thinking Disposition Questionnaires. Results suppor...

Although human reasoning is often biased by intuitive heuristics, recent studies on conflict detection during thinking suggest that adult reasoners detect the biased nature of their judgments. Despite their illogical response, adults demonstrate a remarkable sensitivity to possible conflict between their heuristic judgment and logical or probabilistic norms. In this chapter I review emerging wo...

Cognitive control involves adjustments in behavior to conflicting information, develops throughout childhood, and declines in aging. Accordingly, developmental and age-related changes in cognitive control and response-conflict detection were assessed in a response-compatibility task. We recorded performance measures, pre-response time (pre-RT) activity and medial frontal negativity (MFN)-sequen...