conclusions the nursing workload is influenced by many factors. the clear responsibilities and authorities of nurses, patients' admission according to the capacity of wards, use of the new technologies and equipment, and providing basic training for new nurses can decrease the workload of nurses. results twenty-five factors were divided into three major categories through efa, including structu...

There is no unified view about how teachers’ integration of information and communication technology (ICT) should be measured. While many instruments have focused on the technological aspects, recent studies have suggested teachers’ pedagogical considerations, professional development, and emerging ethical and safety issues should be included when assessing teachers’ ICT literacy. Using the per...

Beliefs related to classroom management vary among teachers and play an important role in classrooms. Despite the importance of this construct, valid measures have proven difficult to develop. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Behavior and Instructional Management Scale (BIMS), a short but valid measure of teachers' approaches to behavioral and instructional management. Re...

Health-related studies of spirituality are threatened by the lack of conceptual distinctions between religion and spirituality, the use of small, nongeneralizable samples, and by measurement error in many instruments that unreliably and invalidly capture this domain. The authors review the construct and validity evidence for the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB), an instrument designed to...

objective: the aim of this study is to explore the confirmatory factor analysis results of the persian adaptation of statistics anxiety measure (sam), proposed by earp. method: the validity and reliability assessments of the scale were performed on 298 college students chosen randomly from tabriz university in iran. confirmatory factor analysis (cfa) was carried out to determine the factor stru...

This paper explicitly examines the relationship that exists between Total Quality Management (TQM) and Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing (ERM) systems. It has been presumed in numerous past studies that such a relationship does exist. It has been argued that those firms that have successfuhy implemented a TQM system are better positioned to successfully implement an ERM system. This rel...