Introduction: There are a lot of fungi in our environment which grow and reproduce if the heat and humidity are suitable. Aspergillus flavus and parasilicus are among the most important food contaminants and have major roles in food poisoning. These fungi secrete poisons which contaminate feedstuffs as well as the milk we get from the animals fed with them. Because of the dire effects of thes...

background there are different types of aflatoxins, including aflatoxin m1, m2, g1, g2, b1 and b2 produced in the food chain, especially when the food is infected with fungi and can directly be consumed by humans. considering that our country is located in the subtropical geographic region where temperature and humidity ecological factors are among determining factors in contamination with afm1...

Professional heifer growers and dairy producers are faced with the challenge of raising healthy calves, while still paying close attention to rearing costs and profit. Factors that may be considered in selecting a liquid feeding program may include the number of calves fed, economics and cash flow, nutritional characteristics, calf performance targets, resource availability (e.g. consistent sup...

the aim of this study was to evaluate aflatoxin m1 (afm1) contamination in pasteurized milk samples in mashhad, iran. one hundred and ten milk samples from different supermarkets were collected during three months in spring and investigated by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (elisa). afm1 was found in 100% of the milk samples. about 5.4% of the samples contained afm1 greater than the maximum...

In a pasteurized milk process, the milk must be heated to above 72C and subsequently cooled to a low temperature about 4C in order to ensure a food safety. According to the real pasteurized milk plant, individually single variable control approach including manual control with butterfly valve and automatic control by on-off controller have been carried out to control milk level at storage tanks...

120 Introduction. The quality of milk is influenced by different bacteria present in milk. This study was undertaken to investigate the bacterial contamination of raw and pasteurized milk in Sari Township, Iran, 2011. Methods. In this investigation, 100 pasteurized milk samples were collected randomly from the super markets in the city and 100 raw milk samples from 4 dairy farms from suburb are...

Introduction: Milk is one of the most complete food products that is effective in reducing blood pressure and increasing its beneficial fats, preventing colon cancer and osteoporosis, and providing many nutrients, such as protein and calcium. Therefore, the contamination of this valuable foodstuff and its products is considered as a serious risk to the public health of the community. Aflatoxin ...

background: milk is a valuable sources of nutrition in the human diet however; there are reports on safety of milk steroid hormones contain. this study designed to determine the level of steroid hormones including estrone (e1), 17β-estradiol (e2), and estriol (e3) in raw and pasteurized milk from non-pregnant and pregnant buffalos. methods: steroids was extracted using liquid extraction, enzyma...

Pasteurization is a thermal treatment applied to the milk used in human milk banks so as to provoke the thermic inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms, with the aim of avoiding contamination of milk that will be offered to new-born infants in clinical conditions very often demanding special care. The literature has very little data available relating to the effect of pasteurization on the c...