Composite stiffened cylindrical shells are widely used as primary elements in aerospace structures. In the recent years, there has been a growing research interest in optimum design of composite stiffened cylindrical shell structures for stability under buckling load.  This paper focuses upon the development of an efficient optimization of ring-stringer stiffened cylindrical shell. The opti...

A bstract We explore a variety of composite topological structures that arise from the spontaneous breaking SO(10) to SU(3) c × U(1) em via one its maximal subgroups SU(5) χ , SU(4) SU(2) L R and X (also known as flipped SU(5)). They include i) network ℤ strings which develop monopoles turn into necklaces with structure 2 strings, ii) dumbbells connecting two different types monopoles, or antim...