the separation of saffron stigmas from fresh flowers is the most important and the most difficult stage of saffron harvesting. saffron production costs are high because this harvesting stage is done by hand and is very time-consuming. one way of preserving the saffron flower is to dry it. the separating of the stigma from dried saffron flowers can then be done at an appropriate time. this study...

A standard description of growth stages for crops/plants is necessary not only for determining and improving cultural practices, but also to facilitate enhanced communication among producers, researchers, and educators. It also could help in unifying experimental results. Many different descriptions of growth stages are currently available for many crops, but there are no codes for sesame (Sesa...

Changes in gene expression during flower formation were studied in the long-day plant Sinapis alba. The day length dependence was exploited to synchronize flower formation in a large population of mustard plants. After an inductive light treatment, apices were harvested after different lengths of time, and changes in gene expression were analyzed. Two major groups of genes were identified whose...

tuberose aesthetically and commercially is an important flower that its importance is due to its potential for trade of cut flower, long vase life and essential oil industry. it is cultivated commercially by bulbs is needed to their storing properly after the harvest and quiescence to increase yield and flowering quality so that can be regulated flowering time according to market. experiments w...

Flower formation in the dayneutral tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar "Trapezond" was accelerated by graft union with the short-day tobacco "Maryland Mammoth" when the grafts were kept on short days and by graft union with the long-day plant N. silvestris L. when they were kept on long days. When Maryland Mammoth/Trapezond grafts were kept on long days, flower formation in Trapezond was no...

Flower induction in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is regulated by complex gene networks that involve multiple signal pathways to ensure flower bud formation in the next year, but the molecular determinants of apple flower induction are still unknown. In this research, transcriptomic profiles from differentiating buds allowed us to identify genes potentially involved in signaling pathways that ...

Flower fragrance compounds were found to be produced from the precursor solution obtained from flower buds by crude enzyme prepared from the flowers at the opening stage. GC and GC-MS analyses showed the formation of volatile aroma constituents from the precursor solution of Jasminum polyanthum F, Jasminum sambac Ait, and Gardenia jasminoides E, but none in the case of Osmanthus fragrans L. The...