The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is one of the most important combinational optimization problems that has nowadays received much attention because of its real application in industrial and service problems. The VRP involves routing a fleet of vehicles, each of them visiting a set of nodes such that every node is visited by exactly one vehicle only once. So, the objective is to minimize the to...

Editorial The VehJcJe Routing Problem (VRP) is a key to efficient transportation manageincni and supply-chain coordination. In broad terms, it deaJs with the optimal assignment of a set of transportation orders to a fleet of vehicles, and t he sequencing of stops for each vehicle. The VRP has a large number of real-life applications and comes in many guises, depending on the type of operation, ...

Despite many years of research, a dengue vaccine is not available, and the more advanced live attenuated vaccine candidate in clinical trials requires multiple immunizations with long interdose periods and provides low protective efficacy. Here, we report important contributions to the development of a second-generation dengue vaccine. First, we demonstrate that a nonpropagating vaccine vector ...

Variance risk premia (VRP) based on equity and credit market information for the same firm differ substantially in magnitude. VRP is strongly dependent characteristics. Higher-leveraged larger firms have lower VRP. The smirk plot of vs. leverage higher low-levered than high-levered firms. This more pronounced market. VRP, especially correlates with future returns a priced source both markets.

Due to the recent worries about environment, transportation companies are incentivized use Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) instead of conventional ones. However, due limited AFV driving range and since Stations (AFSs) usually not widespread on territory, routes AFVs have be properly planned in order prevent them from remaining without sufficient fuel reach depot or closest station. The Green V...

This study was carried out to compare the vocal limits obtained by speech range profile (SRP) with those of voice range profile (VRP) in untrained healthy and dysphonic females. Forty-six healthy voice volunteers (control group) and 148 dysphonic patients (dysphonic group) were evaluated using videolaryngostroboscopic assessment and phonetography for voice measurements. For VRP, subjects were a...

BACKGROUND In 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was identified as the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, a disease characterized by severe pneumonia that sometimes results in death. SARS-CoV is a zoonotic virus that crossed the species barrier, most likely originating from bats or from other species including civets, raccoon dogs, domestic cats,...

In vertical radar profiling (VRP), the receiver antenna is located within a borehole while the transmitter antenna is placed at varying offsets from the borehole. VRP surveys are primarily used to reconstruct subsurface georadar velocities by inverting direct-wave traveltimes. We examine the VRP technique and associated concepts that need to be considered when acquiring, analyzing and interpret...

OBJECTIVES The voice range profile (VRP) measures vocal intensity and fundamental frequency. Phonosurgical and logopedic treatment outcome studies using the VRP report voice improvements of 3-6 semitones (ST) in ST range and 4-7 decibels (dB) in sound pressure level range after treatment. These small improvements stress the importance of reliable measurements. The aim was to evaluate the test-r...