in this thesis, a better reaction conditions for the synthesis of spirobarbiturates catalyzed by task-specific ionic liquid (2-hydroxy-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n,n-dimethylethanaminium formate), calcium hypochlorite ca(ocl)2 or n-bromosuccinimide (nbs) in the presence of water at room temperature by ultrasonic technique is provided. the design and synthesis of spirocycles is a challenging task becaus...

most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...

cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...

In order to investigate the effect of putrescin and salicylic acid on some physiological and antioxidant properties of stevia under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, samples were exposed to different concentrations of putrescine (0, 0.5 and 1 mM), salicylic acid (0 and 0.5 mM) and salinity (0, 75 ...

This experiment was conducted to determine evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and water use efficiency of cucumber and tomato for a period of six months in the Resarch Greenhouse of Urmia University. Daily evapotranspiration of cucumber, tomato and reference crop was measured using lysimeter method. Based on the results, cucumber evapotranspiration for growth period of 130 days was 272.4 mm a...