reforestation is one of the philippines’ government efforts to restore and rehabilitate degraded mangrove ecosystems. although there is recovery of the ecosystem in terms of vegetation, the recovery of closely-linked faunal species in terms of community structure is still understudied. this research investigates the community structure of mangrove crabs under two different management schemes: p...

specific features of the structure of the ground litter invertebrate community in forest belt ecosystems in the ukrainian steppe zone have been considered. for 14 years invertebrate fauna of the litter of 176 forest belt sites with different composition has been studied with the aid of soil traps. the main characteristics of litter invertebrate communities (total population, a number of species...

banjarmasin is known as a tidal waterfront city and it is called city of a thousand rivers. thecity level was approximately -16 cm below the sea level and almost a swamp-land. the urbanization and the citydevelopment programs have changed the city’s physical and spatial plan from a wetland to a mainland structure. theissues of the city's transformation have changed the city structure from ...

The structure and organization of people who work on any complex software project can in large part affect the quality and design. Unlike traditional software, Open Source Software (OSS) Projects have no mandated organizational structure. Rather the community is a self organizing and very dynamic entity. Due to the wealth of recorded information regarding open source projects, the organization ...

Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses have identified genetic associations with a wide range of human phenotypes. However, many of these variants have weak effects and understanding their combined effect remains a challenge. One hypothesis is that multiple SNPs interact in complex networks to influence functional processes that ultimately...

Many complex networks show signs of modular structure, uncovered by community detection. Although many methods succeed in revealing various partitions, it remains difficult to detect at what scale some partition is significant. This problem shows foremost in multi-resolution methods. We here introduce an efficient method for scanning for resolutions in one such method. Additionally, we introduc...

There has been considerable recent interest in algorithms for finding communities in networks— groups of vertices within which connections are dense, but between which connections are sparser. Here we review the progress that has been made towards this end. We begin by describing some traditional methods of community detection, such as spectral bisection, the Kernighan–Lin algorithm and hierarc...

Detecting community structure is fundamental for uncovering the links between topological structure and function in complex networks. A popular method now widely used relies on the optimization of a quantity called modularity. But modularity optimization has a fundamental drawback: there exists a resolution limit which depends on the total size of the network and on the degree of interconnected...