With the development of science and technology, microwave has been used in many fields such as industry, military, medicine and communication. People are living in a lapped and dynamic electromagnetic environment. Concerns about potential hazards of microwave are getting increasing attentions. The single biological effects of microwave were widely discussed which was considered harmful. Relevan...

We study the disintegration of nuclei by strong electromagnetic fields induced by ultrarelativistic heavy ions. The proposed multi-step model includes 1) the absorption of a virtual photon by a nucleus, 2) intranuclear cascades of produced hadrons and 3) statistical decay of the excited residual nucleus. The combined model describes well existing data on projectile fragmentation at energy 200 G...

Background & Aims: In the recent years, increasing rate of using electronic devices which generate electromagnetic fields , has caused researchers, attention to the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields(ELF) on the Cholinergic system in the small intestine of r...

printing and copying centers have been implicated as an emission source of pollution, and affecting air quality in closed environments. the aim of this study was to measure the btex compound (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes), and the intensity of electromagnetic fields and the uva ray in photocopy centers in the hamadan city. this descriptive study was done on 45 printing and copyi...

Background: Electromagnetic fields interact with human tissues and may have adverse effects on fertility and reproduction. During the last decades there has been a growing concern on the effects of electromagnetic radiations on biological systems in general. Radiation risks from electromagnetic fields generated by processes such as reduced fertility and a significant decrease in implantation ra...

electromagnetic field (emf) radiation affects cellular and brain chemistry and function, resulting in deleterious effects such as free radicals formation, impaired dna repair, reduced melatonin and blood brain barrier protection, and defects on learning and memory and other higher brain functions. in this paper the effects of low frequency emf of 50- and 217 hz, ranges often associated with com...