Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) or Franceschetti syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development with variable expressivity. It is named after E Treacher Collins who described the essential components of the condition in 1900. Incidence of this syndrome is approximately 1 in 50,000 live births and it affects both genders equally. It affects structures which are derivative...

The wide spectrum of craniofacial malformations makes classification difficult. A simple classification system allows an overview of the current understanding of the etiology, assessment, and treatment of the most frequently encountered craniofacial anomalies. Facial dysostoses are reviewed on the basis of their diverse etiology, pathogenesis, anatomy, and treatment. Conditions discussed includ...