introduction: universities and their faculty members are responsible for educating students for social responsibilities. if the faculty members are to contribute to the attainment of university and societal goals, they should trust their dean, colleagues, and students. this will facilitate the collective efficacy of faculty members. if faculty members believe in their collective abilities, the ...

A visioning exercise can bring a community together as people recognize their shared values and purposes, and articulate a shared vision of their community. The vision serves to lay out what the community should look like physically, socially and environmentally in 5, 10 or 20 years. A visioning exercise creates a sense of ownership in community residents to the extent that they want to see the...

Many contemporary forms of oppression are not primarily the result of formally organized collective action nor are they an unintended outcome of a combination of individual actions. This raises the question of collective responsibility. I argue that we can only determine who is responsible for oppression if we understand oppression as a matter of social practices that create obstacles for socia...

Augmented collective understanding of human nature facilitates stepwise improvement of health care interventions, be it for instance pharmacological or psychological interventions. The very same holds particularly true for interventions like prehabilitation with help of physical exercise training. Underlying here are recent psychobiological understandings combined with critical reflections of l...

the concept of teacher efficacy has received significant attention in educational contexts in the recent years and has been empirically probed at 2 levels: individual teacher efficacy and collective teacher efficacy. having their origins in the social cognitive theory, teacher and collective efficacy perceptions are quite distinct constructs, each affecting educational decisions and student ach...

This paper demonstrates that different software code inspection techniques have the potential to improve developer understanding of code being inspected to varying extents. This suggests that some code inspection techniques may be superior to others with respect to improving the efficacy of future inspections, harnessing collective wisdom, and extending team knowledge and networked intelligence...

objective: to compare the effects of aerobic and stretching exercises on severity of primary dysmenorrhea. materials and methods: this randomized clinical trial was conducted on 105 female students who were suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. the participants were divided into aerobic exercise, stretching exercise, and control groups. the two intervention groups did the exercises three times a...

Trappe TA, Liu SZ. Effects of prostaglandins and COX-inhibiting drugs on skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise. J Appl Physiol 115: 909–919, 2013. First published March 28, 2013; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00061.2013.—It has been 40 yr since the discovery that PGs are produced by exercising skeletal muscle and since the discovery that inhibition of PG synthesis is the mechanism of action of wha...