background and objectives: heavy metals such as cadmium and lead are the most important toxins spreading through various ways like water, soil, and air in nature and easily enter human food chain. it is essential to determine the cumulative and harmful effects of these metals in nutrients, especially in cow milk because it is a unique source of food for all ages and it contains both essential a...

The anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was investigated to determine total mercury in solid samples using a gold electrode. deposited on the electrode preconcentration step. oxidation peak of irreversible. optimal conditions procedure were found be as follows: 0.05 mol L?1 HCl solution, deposition potential ?0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KCls, time 40 s, and sweep rate 0.04 s?1. Under conditions, current s...

Improvement of the photovoltaic efficiency via exposure of organic poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) devices to solvent vapor at room temperature is reported. In situ photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with ex situ optical absorption and atomic force microscopy, have been used to provide insight into the nanoscale morphologi...

BACKGROUND Exposure to mercury (Hg) as a heavy metal can cause health effects. The objective of this study was to assess occupational exposure to Hg in a chlor-alkali petrochemical industry in Iran by determining of Hg concentrations in air, blood and urine samples. METHODS The study was performed on 50 exposed subjects and 50 unexposed controls. Air samples were collected in the breathing zo...

We theoretically and numerically investigate the nonparaxial self-accelerating beams in a Λ-type three-level energy system of rubidium atomic vapor in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. In the EIT window, the absorption of the atomic vapor is small, and robust nonparaxial self-accelerating beams can be generated. The reason is that the energy of the tail transfers to the...