[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation simultaneously combined with local heat and cold applications enhances pain relief compared with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] Fourty-five patients with knee osteoarthritis participated in this study. They wer...

as in influenza, but still serious enough for the patient, and not the least striking feature about it is the sudden manner of its invasion, and the ease with which its advent may be overlooked. There may have been only a suspicion of cough, but the slightest tendency in that direction is significant and necessitates examination of the chest. As the temperature with this condition necessarily r...

BACKGROUND Chest tube removal is a painful procedure. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold application in combination with Indomethacin suppository on chest tube removal pain in patients undergoing open heart surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-blind, double-group clinical trial was performed on 66 patients aged 18-68 years with the chest tube in pleural space. The...

The control of bleeding episodes in haemophilia and the prevention of excessive haemorrhage after surgical procedures depend chiefly on raising the patient's plasma factor VIII concentration to an appropriate haemostatic level, and maintaining this so long as the likelihood of bleeding continues. With whole plasma it is impossible to achieve levels much above 25%, or to maintain values constant...

CONTEXT Therapeutic modality control variables are thought to be thermal neutral, a term sometimes used interchangeably with room temperature. We question this common assumption. OBJECTIVE To determine thermal neutrality of common therapeutic modality control variables. DESIGN We performed 5 laboratory experiments, including (1) water temperature over 3 weeks in 3 different containers (glas...

background: labor pain is one of the severest pains that cause many women request cesarean section for fear of pain. thus, controlling labor pain is a major concern of maternity care. nowadays, interest in non-pharmacological pain relief methods has been increased because of their lower side effects. the effects of discrete heat and cold on decreasing labor pain have been reported but there was...

Although the purification of microtubules from brain by alternate cycles of polymerization and depolymerization in vitro has become routine, the application of this method to non-neural cultured cells has been less successful. Previous investigations have suggested that it was necessary to use substrate-grown cells and 4 M glycerol to obtain microtubules from cultured cells. We have developed a...