We have conducted a detailed object-by-object study of a mass-complete (M∗ ≥ 1011 M ) sample of 56 galaxies at 1.4 ≤ z ≤ 2 in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South field, showing that an accurate deblending in 24μm images is essential to properly assign to each galaxy its own star formation rate (SFR), whereas an automatic procedure often fails. This applies especially to galaxies w...

In this report, we investigate the efficiency and selectivity of a Zn2+-dependent peptide nucleic acid-based artificial ribonuclease (PNAzyme) that cleaves RNA target sequences. The target RNAs are varied to form different sizes (3 and 4 nucleotides, nt) and sequences in the bulge formed upon binding to the PNAzyme. PNAzyme-promoted cleavage of the target RNAs was observed and variation of the ...

background: transplants of multipotent stem cells have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after central nervous system injury. the bulge region of the hair follicle has been reported as a putative source of hair follicle stem cells (hfsc) for many years; however, few studies have documented the properties of bulge derived cells in vitro until now. this study was conducted to isolate an...

New observations in favour of a significant role of secular evolution are reviewed: central star formation boosted in pseudo-bulge barred galaxies, relations between bulge and disk, evidence for rejuvenated bulges. Numerical simulations have shown that secular evolution can occur through a cycle of bar formation and destruction, in which the gas plays a major role. Since bars are weakened or de...

This article summarizes the structural parameters of the Galactic bulge and disk, and discusses the interpretation of the bulge microlensing observations and the determination of the Milky Way’s luminous mass from the terminal velocity curve and the Oort limit. The bulge is a rotating bar with corotation radius around 4 kpc. The NIR disk has a short scale-length. The measured surface density of...

We explore the growth of super-massive black holes and host galaxy bulges in the galaxy population using the Millennium Run ΛCDM simulation coupled with a model of galaxy formation. We find that, if galaxy mergers are the primary drivers for both bulge and black hole growth, then in the simplest picture one should expect the mBH – mbulge relation to evolve with redshift, with a larger black hol...

ABSTRACT We utilize high-resolution cosmological simulations to reveal that high-redshift galaxies tend undergo a robust ‘wet compaction’ event when near ‘golden’ stellar mass of $\sim \!\!10^{10}\, \rm M_\odot$ . This is gaseous shrinkage compact star-forming phase, ‘blue nugget’ (BN), followed by central quenching star formation passive bulge, ‘red (RN), and buildup an extended disc ring. Suc...