In this paper, we propose a new method of power allocation (PA) for cognitive radio networks. This method is based on the Shapley value of games. In this work we also take into account the average transmission power constraints for secondary users (SUs). An optimization problem associated with the power control policy is formulated on the basis of a given method. An algorithm is developed for t...

Designer thinking has received much attention as an innovative problem-solving approach. However, it is also a vague and unclear activity which can only be studied through the input and output results in a design process. This paper proposes that the visual design state is the external performance of design thinking, which is used to clarify vague design thinking. In this paper, a method for ex...

An ability to solve complex problems, for which a variety of solution paths are possible, is an important goal in engineering education. While feedback is critical to learning, hand grading of homework rarely provides effective, timely feedback on attempts to solve complex problems. Such feedback is also unfeasible in distance education contexts. A technology, based on the approach of cognitive...

Richard Jeffrey (1983) has said that Newcomb’s Problem may be seen as a rock on which Bayesianism must founder. Despite a vast literature of great technical subtlety and complexity, no solution has emerged. Most recently, Jeffrey (2004) renounced his earlier position and no longer regards Newcomb’s problem as a genuine decision problem at all. Rather, Jeffrey suggests, “Newcomb problems are lik...

Cognitive modeling is the creation of computer-based processes that mimic human problem-solving and task execution using existing cognitive theories. Cognitive modeling remains a labor-intensive and error prone activity with little theoretical and tool support. In this paper, we propose an approach to capturing specifications for cognitive models in an incremental and modular way. We use patter...

The ultimate goal of work in cognitive architecture is to provide the foundation for a system capable of general intelligent behavior. That is, the goal is to provide the underlying structure that would enable a system to perform the full range of cognitive tasks, employ the full range of problem-solving methods and representations appropriate for the tasks, and learn about all aspects of the t...

Theories concerning the structure, or format, of mental representation should (1) be formulated in mechanistic, rather than metaphorical terms; (2) do justice to several philosophical intuitions about mental representation; and (3) explain the human capacity to predict the consequences of worldly alterations (i.e., to think before we act). The hypothesis that thinking involves the application o...

SimStudent is a machine-learning agent that learns cognitive skills by demonstration. It was originally developed as a building block of the Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT), so that the authors do not have to build a cognitive model by hand, but instead simply demonstrate solutions for SimStudent to automatically generate a cognitive model. The SimStudent technology could then be used to...