pistachio nuts are the major non-oil export agricultural commodity in iran. the existence of empty shells among the shells with kernels reduces the quality of the nuts and, consequently, their market value. in pistachio processing plants, empty shells are generally separated from shells with kernels by the flotation method. but this method is not precise and may encourage the growth of fungi in...

the sexual maturation and spawning period of blood cockle in matang mangrove estuary was studied by naked eye and histological observations of the gonads from july 2010 to april 2011. the high spawning period was from november to february. however, at one station where bottom sediment exhibited a severe reduction in potential of −100 mv lower, immature individuals were common. these results sug...

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles have shown promising potentials in the delivery of drugs and metabolites. There is however, a paucity of information on the safety of their intentional or accidental over exposures to biological systems and general health safety. To this end, this study aims at documenting information on the safety of subcutaneous doses of biogenic nanocrystals of aragonite polym...

The use of nanoparticle delivery systems to enhance intracellular penetration of antibiotics and their retention time is becoming popular. The challenge, however, is that the interaction of nanoparticles with biological systems at the cellular level must be established prior to biomedical applications. Ciprofloxacin-cockle shells-derived calcium carbonate (aragonite) nanoparticles (C-CSCCAN) we...

Abstract The cockle immerses in the substrate of intertidal zone. Their conditions and growth factors are highly dependent on nutrients around waters Kendari Bay. Therefore, this study aims to determine relationship between length, weight, condition factors. was conducted March 2016 February 2017 at zone samples were collected with a shovel 1x1 m square transect monthly. Furthermore, length wei...

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanocrystals derived from cockle shells emerge to present a good concert in bone tissue engineering because of their potential to mimic the composition, structure, and properties of native bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological response of CaCO3 nanocrystals on hFOB 1.19 and MC3T3 E-1 osteoblast cells in vitro. Cell viability and proliferation were ...

A study was carried out to determine the effect of enzyme concentration, temperature and incubation time of bromelain on nitrogen content (NC) and degree of hydrolysis (DH) of hydrolysate from cockle (Anadara granosa) meat wash water. Protein precipitation of cockle meat wash water was conducted at pH 4. The precipitate was then hydrolyzed using bromelain at concentrations of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 %...