Coastal settlements, home to more than three billion people and growing rapidly, are highly vulnerable climate change. Increasingly, there calls for adaptation that goes beyond business-as-usual approaches, transforms socioeconomic systems, addresses underlying drivers of vulnerability. Although transformational growing, greater clarity is needed on what transformation means in context order br...

Interdisciplinary subjects have always had a remarkable contribution in developing urban design concepts and theories. Among these contexts, cinema as a medium which broadcasts features of our cities and urban environments can have a significant role, but this instructional field is neglected among Iranian scholars. Thus, to fulfill this gap, it is essential to clarify the interrelations of cit...

This paper evaluates the effect of High Speed Rail (HSR) projects on the economic growth of targeted city nodes (HSR cities) in China using prefectural-level city data from 1990 to 2013. Employing a panel data program evaluation method devised by Hsiao, Chin and Wan (2012), we construct hypothetical counterfactuals for per capita real GDP of HSR cities in the absence of their respective HSR pro...

sea shores of gilan province is one off the biggest tourist attractions in iran. this area have valuable forests and grasslands. in addition it provides significant amount of corps like rice, tea, olive. considering this facts, environmental protection of this area must be priority for national government. however waste management instruction have been ratified in iran, there isn’t any specific...

Rapid coastal change is common in the Asia-Pacific region yet an understanding of its causes, recurrence times, and impacts is not always clear through the use of conventional geological methods. It is suggested that myths (traditional [oral] tales) are underutilized sources of information about coastal change in this region. This is illustrated by consideration of myths likely to recall (early...

In Morocco, the extraction of beach and dune sand for use in the construction industry is destroying significant portions of the nation’s natural heritage. The authors of this report have significant experience in evaluating coastal mining worldwide. We believe that the coastal sand mining operations that we witnessed in Morocco are the world’s largest. In addition, the environmental impacts of...