Under anaerobiosis, Euglena gracilis mitochondria perform a malonyl-CoA independent synthesis of fatty acids leading to accumulation of wax esters, which serve as the sink for electrons stemming from glycolytic ATP synthesis and pyruvate oxidation. An important enzyme of this unusual pathway is trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.44), which catalyzes reduction of enoyl-CoA to acyl-CoA. Trans-...

In skin fibroblasts grown from four children with a homozygous form of type II hyperlipoproteinemia, the feedback control of sterol synthesis and the inhibitory effect on hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase activity by serum or low density lipoprotein were present, though diminished compared with the effects in normal fibroblasts. Stimulation of HMG CoA reductase by insulin and inhibition...

In the ovary of adult Blattella germanica, the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) is highly expressed in mid-late vitellogenesis, suggesting a functional link of the mevalonate pathway with choriogenesis. The inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, fluvastatin, applied in females in late vitellogenesis, inhibits the activity of the enzyme in the ovary and in the develop...

To evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activities of Orengedokuto (OT) and Daio-Orengedokuto (DOT), the inhibitory effects of these polyprescriptions on HMG-CoA reductase and pancreatic lipase and on the rat hyperlipidemic model induced by Triton WR-1339 were measured. OT potently inhibited HMG-CoA reductase but did not inhibit lipase. Among their ingredients, Coptidis Rhizoma was the most potent i...

Introduction: Triphala, consisting of three fruits, Phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthaceae), Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Combretaceae), and T. chebula Retz, is a well-recognized Ayurvedic herbal formulation, used for various therapeutic purposes, including the treatment dyslipidemia. Inhibitory activity against 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methylglutaryl‑coenzyme A (HMG‑CoA) reductase, rate-limiting e...

Present research accounts for in vitro antioxidant, hypolipidemic and pancreatic lipase inhibitory potential of two scented rice Assam, India, namely ketoki joha kola joha. Our result showed that ethanol extract (whole rice), particularly joha, exhibits a potent antioxidant when tested through DPPH•, NO•, H2O2 scavenging lipid peroxidation inhibition assay. Among different whole extracts, at 10...

In the present study, 110 fungal strains of Persian Type Culture Collection (PTCC) including some selected strains isolated in various screening projects were tested for their potentiality to produce lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reduc-tase), the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. The fungal strains were cultivated in a t...

We have isolated two genes from yeast encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase [hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (NADPH); HMG-CoA reductase; EC 1.1.1.34], the rate-limiting enzyme of sterol biosynthesis. These genes, HMG1 and HMG2, were identified by hybridization to a cDNA clone encoding hamster HMG-CoA reductase. DNA sequence analysis reveals homology between the ami...

The rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, is regulated at a number of levels. One important mechanism is regulation of the half-life of the protein by a controlled proteolytic system. This comes about in response to downstream products of the sterol biosynthetic pathway. Little is known about this system, including where in ...

The question of whether the effects of insulin and glucagon on hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity are mediated largely by changes in the phosphorylation state of the enzyme or by changes in the quantity of enzyme protein was investigated by measuring enzyme protein and mRNA levels. If phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is responsible for the observed chang...