Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Our letter highlights the role of CNS drug delivery mechanisms on the efficacy of opioid pharmacotherapy. Information presented in this letter emphasizes the importance of translational studies aimed at understanding specific mechanisms involved in CNS opioid delivery, opioid efficacy, and/or drug-opioid interactions. Copyright ...

Intranasal administration is an attractive option for local and systemic delivery of many therapeutic agents. The nasal mucosa is – compared to other mucous membranes – easily accessible and provides a practical entrance portal for small and large molecules. Intranasal administration offers a rapid onset of therapeutic effects, no firstpass effect ,no gastrointestinal degradation or lung toxici...

The complex structure of the human brain defines it as one most inaccessible organs in terms drug delivery. blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a microvascular network involved transporting substances between blood and central nervous system (CNS) – enabling entry nutrients simultaneously restricting influx pathogens toxins. However, its role protective shield for CNS also restricts access to ...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic and highly selective permeable interface between central nervous system (CNS) and periphery that regulates the brain homeostasis. Increasing evidences of neurological disorders and restricted drug delivery process in brain make BBB as special target for further study. At present, neurovascular unit (NVU) is a great interest and highlighted topic of pha...

Direct central nervous system (CNS) analgesic delivery is a useful option when more traditional means of dealing with chronic pain fail. Solutions containing local anesthetic have been effective in certain disease states, particularly in patients suffering from intractable head and neck pain. This review discusses historical aspects of CNS drug delivery and the role of intrathecal bupivacaine-c...

The blood brain barrier (BBB) represents one of the strictest barriers of in vivo therapeutic drug delivery. The barrier is defined by restricted exchange of hydrophilic compounds, small proteins and charged molecules between the plasma and central nervous system (CNS). For decades, the BBB has prevented the use of many therapeutic agents for treating Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, brain tumor, h...

the goal of this research is to determine the feasibility of loading rifampin into mesoporous silica nanoparticles. rifampin was selected as a model lipophilic molecule since it is a well-documented and much used anti tuberculosis drug. the mesoporous silica nanoparticles were prepared by using tetraethyl ortho silicate and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (as surfactant); the prepared nanoparti...

Intranasal administration of therapeutic agents offers a noninvasive method of drug delivery that bypasses the blood-brain barrier and directly targets the central nervous system (CNS) and lymph nodes. We examined whether intranasal peptoid CHIR5585, an antagonist of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), is delivered to the CNS. Peptoids are a novel class of peptide isomers that ...