Conformational control limits most electron transfer (ET) reactions in biology, but we lack general insight into the extent of conformational space explored, and specifically the properties of the associated energy landscape. Here we unite electron-electron double resonance (ELDOR) studies of the diradical (disemiquinoid) form of human cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), a nicotinamide adenine pho...

‎in this paper, a new class of fuzzy sets called fuzzy strongly ${{g}^{*}}$-closed sets is introduced and its properties are investigated. moreover, we study some more properties of this type of closed spaces.

Understanding how landscapes respond to climate dynamics in terms of macroscale (average topographic features) and microscale (landform reorganization) is of interest both for deciphering past climates from today’s landscapes and for predicting future landscapes in view of recent climatic trends. Although several studies have addressed macro-scale response, only a few have focused on quantifyin...

Local minima of a fitness landscape are separated by barriers. A barrier tree (Flamm et al., 2002) is a representation of a fitness landscape as a binary tree, where each leaf represents a local minimum; the barriers connecting the local minima are represented as the internal horizontal nodes of the barrier tree. To reflect the fitness values of barriers and minima, each node in the barrier tre...

objectives the current study aimed to compare the two methods based on the perceptions of the nurses working in neonatal intensive care units (nicu). patients and methods a comparative-descriptive study carried out on 35 nicu nurses in taleghani and al-zahra teaching hospitals in tabriz, iran, in 2013. data were collected by self-administered questionnaire (13 items). data analysis, including t...

We show that genetic recombination can be a powerful mechanism for escaping suboptimal peaks. Recent studies of empirical fitness landscapes reveal complex gene interactions and multiple peaks. However, classical work on recombination largely ignores the effect of complex gene interactions. Briefly, we restrict to fitness landscapes where the global peak is difficult to access. If the optimal g...

Sewall Wright's powerful metaphor of rugged adaptive landscapes has formed the basis for discussing evolution and speciation for more than 60 years. However, this metaphor, with its emphasis on adaptive peaks and valleys, is to a large degree a reflection of our three-dimensional experience. Both genotypes and phenotypes of biological organisms differ in numerous characteristics, and, thus, the...

Real life data often includes information from different channels. For example, in computer vision, we can describe an image using different image features, such as pixel intensity, color, HOG, GIST feature, SIFT features, etc.. These different aspects of the same objects are often called multi-view (or multi-modal) data. Lowrank regression model has been proved to be an effective learning mech...

This paper presents an attempt to characterize synchronous stream functions within the framework of co-iteration and to use this characterization in building a compiler for (higher order and recursive) synchronous dataow programs. First length-preserving functions are considered and we show that streams equipped with such functions form a Cartesian-closed category. Then this point of view is ex...