Artificial intelligence as an approach to visual inspection in industrial applications has been considered for decades. Recent successes, driven by advances deep learning, present a potential paradigm shift and have the facilitate automated inspection, even under complex environmental conditions. Thereby, convolutional neural networks (CNN) de facto standard deep-learning-based computer vision ...

Nowadays, wood companies are ever more interested in automatic vision systems (Li & Wu, 2009), (Åstrand & Åström, 1994), for an effective surface inspection that greatly increases the quality of the end product (Smith, 2001), (Armingol et al., 2006). The inspection process, in most visual inspection systems, pursues online defects identification, to reach optimum performance (Malamas et al., 20...

Visual inspection permeates the lives of all humans. Important criteria for evaluating the efficiency of human visual inspection include measurements of performance, as indicated by the inspector’s speed and accuracy. These performance metrics effectively summarize general outcomes of the process of (visual) inspection. In contrast, eye movements captured during visual inspection provide visual...