Mr. X and that of the author. The history of Mr. X has been kept by himself with painstaking accuracy and much insight for about thirty years. The clinical value of these remarkable observations is greatly increased by a report upon them from that amazing genius, Hughlings Jackson. In this connection we may be permitted to observe how entirely we support the author's contention that it is discr...

The requirements for conducting medical device clinical studies in Europe are not identical in all Member States. That is, variations exist in the way that the requirements in the European Directives are interpreted and enforced. This article provides an overview of the requirements that currently apply in Italy.

Disorders of the senses of taste and smell are not uncommon, occurring in over three million adults in the United States alone. Olfactory dysfunction occurs in about half of the population between the ages of 65 and 80 years and in about three-quarters of those 80 years of age and older (Figure 1). Although rarely appreciated, taste and smell disorders have significant consequences for the pati...

Researchers from a diverse array of scientific disciplines have focused and continue to focus on opportunities and areas for responsible clinical research involving the possible beneficial health effects of "probiotics." Investigators and researchers should be aware that not all clinical research involving probiotics reasonably falls within the requirements of the "investigational new drug" (IN...