the upper level pressure patterns control the climate of the surface. the identification of these patterns in the regional scale is useful for the study of the surface climate elements and their forecasting. in order to understand the pressure centers controlling the climate of iran during the cold period of the year, the daily 500 hpa. geopotential height of the grid points of 2.5 degrees dist...

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | VOL 3 | FEBRUARY 2013 | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange Responding to climate change is about adjusting to risks, either in reaction to or in anticipation of changes arising from changing weather and climate. Research and policy on adaptation and mitigation has largely focused on the material aspects of climate change, including risks to lives and livelihoods, the cos...

Linking global science to locally significant places with visioning processes and visualizations represents a powerful tool for decision-making in the context of climate change responses. The Local Climate Change Visioning Project in British Columbia, Canada, builds on recent advances in backcasting and scenario-building to bridge the divide between predictive, quantitative approaches and narra...

Q: People often blame unseasonal weather on climate change. Could you please explain the difference between weather and climate? A: Weather is what we see hourto-hour and day-to-day, and weather forecasts can tell us if it will rain, say, tomorrow afternoon, but because the weather is innately chaotic, forecasts for longer than 10 days are extremely poor. Climate is different. It is an average ...

Understanding course climate is important for improving students' experiences and increasing the likelihood of their persistence in STEM fields. This study presents climate survey results from 523 students taking introductory biology at the University of Michigan. Principal component analysis revealed that a student's climate experience is comprised of five main elements: comfort, school avoida...

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | VOL 4 | DECEMBER 2014 | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange The top-down approach to mitigating climate change as exemplified by the UNFCCC negotiations and the Kyoto Protocol has all but stalled, due to a panoply of political objections. To craft a more workable policy, states and non-state actors alike have shifted their focus to bottom-up ‘linkage’ of multinational, na...

The goal of the Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements is to help identify key design elements of a scientifically sound, economically rational, and politically pragmatic post-2012 international policy architecture for global climate change. It draws upon leading thinkers from academia, private industry, government, and non-governmental organizations from around the world to constr...

Sustainable architecture is known as an important strategy in recent years and all around the world are cooperating to achieve this by use of natural elements. There are many examples of residential buildings in Iran s past and its traditional architecture that the architecture in the interim of paying attention to aesthetic issues and preserving the natural environment acts in a way that meets...