[1] We present results from continued investigations into the fidelity of covariance-based climate field reconstruction (CFR) approaches used in proxy-based climate reconstruction. Our experiments employ synthetic ‘‘pseudoproxy’’ data derived from simulations of forced climate changes over the past millennium. Using networks of these pseudoproxy data, we investigate the sensitivity of CFR perfo...

The palaeoclimate reconstruction problem is described as an example of inverse regression problems. In the reconstruction problem, past climate is inferred using pollen data. Modern data is used to build a regression model of how pollen responds to climate. The inverse problem is to infer climate from data on ancient pollen prevalence. The inverse inference presents a challenging and computatio...

for many years, the prevailing notion of security has been associated with the ‘realist’ militaryside of conflict management, understood as ‘national security’. for us the term does not just mean theinterplay of deterring, compelling, defensive and offensive force in the pursuit of a self-defined nationalinterest. above all, and at a fundamental level it includes the safety and quality of life ...

sustainable architecture is known as an important strategy in recent years and all around the world are cooperating to achieve this by use of natural elements. there are many examples of residential buildings in iran s past and its traditional architecture that the architecture in the interim of paying attention to aesthetic issues and preserving the natural environment acts in a way that meets...

Sustainable architecture is known as an important strategy in recent years and all around the world are cooperating to achieve this by use of natural elements. There are many examples of residential buildings in Iran s past and its traditional architecture that the architecture in the interim of paying attention to aesthetic issues and preserving the natural environment acts in a way that meets...

in modern times, trust has become an issue crucial to human societies and it has basic role in confronting policies with social problems, particularly in the field of environmental risks. to counter environmental risks such as climate change requires knowledge that is gained through trust to its related informational institutions. these institutions cause the awareness of environmental issues a...

introduction iran is located in a semi arid region of the world. in recent years, dramatic changes in the form of increasing in maximum temperature and severe droughts have damaged water resources, local forests and agriculture. in the mid- and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere the warmest years have been recorded in recent decades (ipcc, 2007). in order to fully understand the climatic...