Different teat-cleaning methods were evaluated to determine their effect on the presence of spores from anaerobic bacterial spore-formers in the milk. Artificial contamination was used to achieve uniform contamination of teats to reduce the number of cows and samples needed in the experiments and still obtain adequate power to detect differences among tested methods. Teats were contaminated exp...

The JAEA and JLAB energy-recovery IR free-electron lasers (ERL-FEL) have successfully demonstrated their capabilities of a sub ps pulse, high efficiency, GW high peak power, kW average power, and wide tunability. Utilizing the high power FEL and ERL technologies, we could realize a more powerful and more efficient FEL than 20kW and 25%, respectively, for nuclear industry, pharmacy, medical, def...

In this paper, an improved method for the measurement of acoustic power and electro-acoustic efficiency of high power ultrasonic transducers is presented. The measuring principle is described, the experimental results are given. In comparison with traditional methods, the method presented in this paper has the advantages of simplicity, economy and practicality. The most important is that it can...

This review details the invention and clinical testing of a new power toothbrush designed to provide a low cost, effective toothbrush, which has a combination of a round oscillating head in conjunction with fixed bristles. The data demonstrate this power toothbrush (Crest ® SpinBrushTM) is an effective cleaning toothbrush with respect to plaque removal. Four independent 4-period crossover studi...

Investigations have been conducted on the feasibility of removal of particles from silicon wafers in electrolyte solutions of different ionic strengths irradiated with megasonic waves. Cleaning experiments have been performed using potassium chloride (KCl) as a model electrolyte and silica particles as model contaminant particles. Particle removal efficiency (PRE) increases with KCl concentrati...

Wind turbine power curve cleaning, by way of removing curtailment, stoppage, and other anomalies, is an essential step in making raw data useable for further analysis, such as determining performance, site characteristics, or improving forecasting models. Typically, comes SCADA (Supervisory Control Data Acquisition) data, so contains not only environmental performance but also the control actio...

In industrial textile pre-treatment and finishing processes, mass transfer and mass transport are often rate-limiting. As a result, these processes require a relatively long residence time, large amounts of water and chemicals, and are also energy-consuming. In most of these processes, diffusion and convection in the inter-yarn and intra-yarn pores of the fabric are the limiting mass transport ...

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has the potential to produce clean, renewable energy from natural salinity gradients. However, membrane fouling can lead to diminished water flux productivity, thus reducing the extractable energy. This study investigates organic fouling and osmotic backwash cleaning in PRO and the resulting impact on projected power generation. Fabricated thin-film composite mem...