We examined the effects of citric acid and l-carnitine administration on physical fatigue. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover study, 18 healthy volunteers were randomized to oral citric acid (2,700 mg/day), l-carnitine (1,000 mg/day), or placebo for 8 days. The fatigue-inducing physical task consisted of workload trials on a cycle ergometer at fixed workloads for 2 h on 2 oc...

In this study, an injectable bone substitute (IBS) consisting of citric acid, chitosan, and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the liquid phase and tetra calcium phosphate (TTCP), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and calcium sulfate dehydrate (CSD, CaSO4 x 2H2O) powders as the solid phase, were fabricated. Two groups were classified based on the percent of citric acid in the liquid ...

this study was conducted to evaluate the effects ofcitric acid and phytase supplementation on performance, blood lipid profile, immune system and some carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.for this purpose 240, one-day old male broiler chicks were reared throughout 42 day production, in factorial experiment 2×2, including citric acid (0 and 1%) and phytase enzyme (0 and 500 ftu) based on ...

Fungi isolated from various rotten fruits and vegetables were screened for the capability of producing citric acid. Aspergillus niger (A. niger) was obtained in the decayed onion peels and denoted as KON13 and this fungi strain was used in the production of citric acid by submerged fermentation. Critical process parameters affecting the fermentative citric acid production were investigated, inc...

The respective and combined effects of sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, citric acid, potassium sorbate, and Thymus vulgaris extract on the growth of Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas sobria were investigated. Sodium chloride (3%) significantly reduced the growth and 4% NaCl inhibited growth of the tested strains. Ascorbic acid (0. 1%), potassium sorbate (0.05%), and citric acid (0.03%) slightly inh...

Twenty-seven Yarrowia lipolytica strains as well as five strains from three other species of the Yarrowia clade (Aciculoconidium aculeatum, andida hispaniensis and Candida bentonensis) were screened for citric acid production with pure glycerol as the carbon source. The cultures were rown under nitrogen-limited conditions. None of the non-Yarrowia strains produced citric acid, although they wer...

Chicken breast dipped with citric acid (CA) was treated by sous vide processing and stored in a refrigerated state for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 14 d. A non-dipped control group (CON) and three groups dipped in different concentrations of citric acid concentration were analyzed (0.5%, 0.5CIT; 2.0%, 2CIT and 5.0%, 5CIT; w/v). Cooking yield and moisture content increased due to the citric acid. While the r...

Citric acid is regarded as a metabolite of energy metabolism, of which the concentration will rise to appreciable amounts only under conditions of substantive metabolic imbalances. Citric acid fermentation conditions were established during the 1930s and 1940s, when the effects of various medium components were evaluated. The biochemical mechanism by which Aspergillus niger accumulates citric a...

The present study is concerned with the effect of low pH on continuous citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger strain SK-17. Microbial cultivations were carried out in a stainless steel stirred bioreactor of 15 L total capacity. The bioconversion of glucose to citric acid at low pH was investigated on cellulose fabric. Sucrose solution (100 g/l) was made to flow through capillaries of a v...

Citric acid is recognized and utilized as a dietary supplement for its ability to eliminate fatigue. However, the molecular and cellular mechanism underlying this effect has not been elucidated. This study investigated the effect of intragastric citric acid administration on the energy metabolism and gene expression in the skeletal muscles of mice that had been fasted without exercise, using bi...