The coupled ocean{atmosphere interaction and predictability associated with the tropical El Ni~ no phenomenon has motivated researchers to seek analogous phenomena in the midlatitudes as well. Are there midlatitude coupled ocean{atmosphere modes? Is there signiicant predictability in the midlatitudes? The authors address these questions in the broader context of trying to understand the mechani...

The Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced Modelling (OCCAM) global, eddy-permitting ocean general circulation model has been used to investigate the surface eddy mass flux in the Southern Ocean. The isopycnal eddy mass flux in the surface layer is almost uniformly poleward and scales well with the local Ekman transport. This seems at odds with other models and observations suggesting topograph...

An ocean general circulation model (oGCM) was used in concert with a global database of inert gas measurements (Ne, Ar, N2/Ar and Kr/Ar) to constrain the magnitude of bubble mediated air-sea gas flux. We illustrate the inverse method using a simple bubble model that includes two end member types of bubbles: small bubbles that completely dissolve, and larger bubbles that briefly are submerged an...

abstract in this study we have used the monthly data resulted from the calculation of temperature and precipitation for a 52-year period (1951-2003). the doubling effect of carbon dioxide ( ) on temperature and precipitation was modeled as the most important climatic parameters. the resulting hythergraph and ambrothermic models for tabriz indicate monthly increases of temperature and precipitat...

Climate change is found to be the most important global issue in the 21st century, so to monitor its trend is of great importance. Atmospheric General Circulation Models because of their large scale computational grid are not able to predict climatic parameters on a point scale, so small scale methods should be adapted. Among downscaling methods, statistical methods are used as they are easy to...

The Kety-Schmidt technique for the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been in use for many years, but efficient statistical methods for producing estimates of CBF have received little attention. This paper proposes simple statistical models for this problem and explores their properties using data from a recent study of severe head injury in children. The method, which can readily be ...

The rationale for building hybrid-coordinate ocean circulation models is discussed in the context of various approaches presently taken to improve mathematical and physical aspects of ocean models. Design choices made in formulating the vertical grid generator, the core component of hybrid models, are laid out. A new experimental approach toward minimizing numerical errors and inconsistencies d...